Microbiology Review

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Microbiology Review

• Biology II

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The Inner Life of the Cell

• See and Hear Video showing modeled behavior of
  cellular life

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Microbiology

• The study of single celled organisms smaller
  than 1mm in size with most being too small to be
  seen with the naked eye.

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History of Human Knowledge

• Used in foods for thousands of years
• First described 1684 by
• van Leeuwenhoek
• Germ Theory of Disease developed by Koch in the
  late 1800s

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What Makes a Cell?

• Smallest entity capable of independent life.
• Separated from the environment by a cell
  envelope.
• Always a cell membrane.
• Sometimes includes a cell wall (in plants).
• Contain internal structures.

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Who are These Guys?

• Algae
• Protozoa
• Fungi
• Archeabacteria
• Viruses
• Prions and Viroids
• Bacteria

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Algae

• Eukaryotes that may be unicellular, colonial or
  filamentous.

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Algae

• Aquatic or terrestrial.
• Mostly plant-like characteristics.
• Photosynthetic.
• Great variety of types, but all contain
  chlorophyll.
• Some animal-like characteristics like
  phagocitosis of other organisms.

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Algae
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Algae
Netrium (algae)
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Cladophora Algae
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Protozoa

• Single celled eukaryotes, but may form colonial
  aggregates.
• Aquatic with animal-like characteristics.
  

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Paramecium
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Amoeba
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Protozoa

• Ingest organic matter for nutrients.
• Vary greatly in size from 0.003mm to 5mm.
• Many are human parasites.
• Most are motile.

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Protozoan Feeding
key innovation phagocytosis
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Raptorial Feeding direct interception of prey
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Volvox
Paramecium
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Stentor
Amoeba
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Vorticella Colony
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Fungi

• Very diverse group of eukaryotes.
• Not all are microbes (mushrooms).
• Yeasts are unicellular and spherical.
• Molds are filamentous with branching.

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Fungi

• Non-photosynthetic.
• Require the uptake of organic matter for
  nutrients.
• Saprophytic (feeds on dead matter) or parasitic
  (infects the living).
• Propagate by spores.

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Archeabacteria

• Single celled prokaryotes.
• Extremophiles.
• 4 broad groups.
• Halophiles (like salty environments)
• Methanogens (like swampy environments)
• Sulfur dependent
• Thermophiles (like it very hot)

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Archeabacteria
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Viruses

• Consist of nucleic acid and protein.

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Viruses

• Obligate intracellular parasites (can only live
  within other cells)
• Are they really alive?
• In general, are smaller than most prokaryotes.

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Prions and Viroids

• Prions are proteins that cause diseases like BSE
  (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, commonly known
  as 'mad cow disease').
• Viroids are small RNAs with no associated
  protein that causes diseases in plants.
• Neither fit the criteria for living organisms,
  but they are microbes and are therefore studied
  by microbiologists.

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Bacteria

• Ubiquitous (theyre everywhere!)

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Bacteria

• Reproduce asexually by fission or sexually by
  conjugation.
• Vary greatly in shapes, sizes, metabolisms, and
  growth conditions.
• Some main characteristics used in identification
  are colony appearance and cell size, shape,
  physiology and metabolism.