Materials and properties

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Lesson 2

• Materials and properties
• PART 1 Wood and Metals

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MATERALS MATTER

• TODAY YOU ARE GOING TO LEARN ABOUT MATERIALS
• WHY DESIGNERS SELECT CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR
  CERTAIN DESIGNS AND END USES

Have you ever found a glass pencil or a metal
window pane? A seat made of jelly, a phone made
of wood? As much use as a Chocolate Teapot!
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Task 1 5 minutes

• Write down 3 products typically made from each of
  these materials
• Wood
• Plastic
• Metal
• Why do you think these materials are most
  suitable for the products that you have picked?
• Write one reason why you think this material was
  used.

(Formative Assessment task)
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Materials and their properties

• Its essential that the right material is
  selected for a new product design, to ensure
  that-
• It works effectively
• It is durable
• It is aesthetically pleasing
• It is safe to use and manufacture
• It is produced cost effectively
• It has to be FIT FOR PURPOSE

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Properties and Testing

• For the items that you listed think about.
• Would they need to be tested?
• When you test the materials with your hands, how
  would they behave?
• Tests help us identify their Properties.
• Is it flexible, elastic or rigid?
• Is it soft, hard, brittle, strong?
• Is it malleable?
• Is it transparent?
• Does it conduct heat?
• Is it weather proof - durable?
• Testing is a legal requirement for European
  products

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Material Groups

• Commonly split into 5 categories-
• Woods - Timbers
• Metals
• Polymers Plastics includes textiles
• Ceramics includes glass
• Composites a mixture of any of the above!
• We also need to add Smart Materials, which are
  actually composites, but are also very clever as
  they change in response to their environment.

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Task 2 QUICK Classification

• Using the objects you have been given split them
  into the 5 Material categories.
• Discuss and reach agreement within your groups.

(Formative Assessment task)
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Material Classification
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Aesthetics

• This is not just about how the product or
  material looks, but we have to now consider the
  following-
• The sound how something makes a satisfying
  clunk, or the sound quality of a bleep.
• The movement how a CD drawer closeshow a car
  light slowly dims rather than is on or off.
• The emotion - how it makes you feel
• What makes you scream
• I want one of those!

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Task 3 - Aesthetics Analysis task

• Look at the items on your desk.
• Discuss in your groups how they work, think about
  the feel and sound.
• Write down the 3 items you like best and why.
• Do you think they are good quality? Why? If not
  why?
• Are they fit for purpose? - Do they do the job
  well?

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1. Wood - Timbers

• 1. Hard wood
• From deciduous trees - loose their leaves in
  Autumn.
• These grow slowly - up to 100 years to reach
  maturity.
• Produce a densely structured wood.
• They are expensive.
• Oak
• Beech
• Ash
• Mahogany
• Teak
• 2. Softwood
• From coniferous trees - evergreens that keep
  their needles.
• They grow faster 35 years to reach maturity
• They can be grown in Sustainable forests.
• They are cheaper.
• Pine

Beautiful colours and patterns polish
well Perfect for luxury flooring and furniture
Perfect for cheaper furniture often painted as
its less attractive/regular
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Sustainable Forests
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Wood - Manufactured Boards

• MDF Medium density fibreboard
• Cheap furniture, structures, beds, sofas
• Plywood
• Furniture, shelving, skateboards
• Block board
• Doors, Tables
• Hardboard
• Shop displays
• Chipboard
• Kitchen tops, Fire doors
• Veneer/laminate This is a thin layer of
  timber/plastic often used to cover the
  manufactured board to make it look more
  appealing.
• Advantages Come in Large wide pieces reduces
  waste, is regular in strength, is cheap to make.
• Disadvantages It uses glue, it is hard to recycle

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Task 4

• Write down 3 reasons why you think the following
  type of material might be selected for a
  product
• Hardwood
• Soft wood
• Manufactured Board

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2. Metals

• Metals are made from metal ore which is rock that
  is mined.
• It is heated to high temperatures to produce a
  liquid metal, when cooled it becomes solid.
• Two metals can be mixed to improve their
  properties, these are called Alloys.
• 1. Ferrous Metal Contains Iron
• Iron is magnetic - so you can test - if its
  magnetic its Ferrous metal
• Steel a mix of Iron and Carbon
• Stainless Steel a mix of Iron, Chrome and
  Nickel
• 2. Non-Ferrous Metal
• Aluminium
• Copper
• Zinc
• Brass - a mix of Copper and Zinc

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Ferrous Metals Uses Properties

• Mild Steel Building structures, Car bodies,
  nuts bolts
• Strong
• Cheap
• Needs protection from rust
• High Speed Steel For tools
• Very hard and strong
• High melting point
• Stainless Steel For sinks, cutlery, surgical
  instruments
• Hard, tough
• Corrosion resistant

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Non-Ferrous Metals uses and properties

• Aluminium light and strong
• Copper good heat conductor
• Zinc - resistant to corrosion from moisture
• Brass a mixture of Zinc and Copper

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Task 5 - Magnetic test

• Using your magnet check which items on the desk
  are magnetic.
• Split them into-
• Ferrous
• Non- Ferrous
• Can you identify the Non-Ferrous metals by name?

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Homework for next week

• Find out what type of plastic water bottles are
  commonly made from and what happens to them after
  use?
• Note in your books your findings.
• You can include pictures or drawings to help with
  your answer.