Ethics Three

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Ethics Three random chats

• knowing doing gap

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Categories of normative sciences

• Logic things that are true
• Aesthetics things that are admirable
• Ethics things that are good

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Heroic figures in ethics

• Aristotle definitions
• Kant criteria
• Perry personal
• versus communitarian
• Rawls operational
• Professional liability
• Habermas dialogue
• Küng empirical
• Various schemes environmental, feminist, power,
  etc

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William Perry

• Levels of intellectual sophistication
• Ethical development

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Dualism 1-3

• 1 Assumption of dualistic structure of world
  taken for granted, unexamined
• 2 Truth exists, but not all authorities are
  knowledgeable
• 3 Absolute truth has not been discovered, yet

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Multiplicity 4-6

• 4 Knowledge is not secure but is any persons
• 5 Knowledge is always changing or subject to
  change

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Commitment to realism 6-9

• 6 Knowledge is not something that is external and
  definite but something that each individual
  constructs

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Initial commitment

• 7 Knowledge is the world view one has constructed
  from learning and experience, along with the
  ethical implications of this view
• 8 Knowledge is a creative resolution between
  uncertainty and the need to act
• 9 Individual must break through to new
  perspectives and discard those no longer useful

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Perry summary

• 9 levels
• 1-3 absolute
• 4-6 relative
• 6-9 personal

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Professional ethics

• Avoiding legal problems
• Privacy, permission

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Purpose

• Ends
• Means
• Rationalisable
• E.g., historical, economic
• Objective/subjective

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Ethics v meta-ethics

• Environmental ethics
• Sadism
• Marxism (ideology false consciousness)
• Feminism
• Hedonism
• Virtue ethics
• Utilitarianism

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continued

• Deontology
• Consequentialism
• Situation ethics
• Monism v pluralism
• Utilitarianism
• Virtue ethics

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continued

• Relativism
• Absolutism
• Universalism
• Realism
• Absolutism (Perry position 1!)
• Machiavelli
• Private
• Public

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HCI stances

• Standards IS09471
• Users task
• Usability
• Cost-effectiveness
• Metrics. Empirical
• Design
• Enjoyment

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Usability as applied ethics

• Kants categorical imperative
• Reciprocity
• Help lines?
• Bug reports?
• User participation? (evaluation)

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Kant

• Criterion
• Some nice principles
• E.g., reciprocity, universalisability

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Küngs 6 rules

• Solving problems dont create greater problems
• Burden of proof demonstrate avoids human or
  environmental damage
• Common good e.g., benefits the community, for a
  period
• Urgency e.g., survival more important than
  privacy

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continued

• Ecology system more important than individuals
• Reversibility system must be reversible,
  removable, not cause dependency

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Post-marxist critical theory

• One dimensional man (Marcuse)
• I shop therefore I am
• Atomised (Lyotard)
• What is choice/democracy when you have 500
  channels of TV?

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What I want

• Operational ethics
• Bridge knowing-doing gap

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Justice

• Distributive
• Restorative
• Punitive
• Political

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Aristotles view

• Doing good for others
• Only virtue you cant fake

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Justice by programming

• Fair chocolate bar

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John Rawls

• Justice
• Veil of ignorance
• Creating a just world
• Creating a just system

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Conclusions

• Ethics v politics
• CS is politics
• Get involved!

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Next lecture Thursday 2pm

• An ethical debate on tags and tagging

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Where from?

• Communitarian
• Individual
• Artificial