Macromolecules

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Macromolecules
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Obj 3.2.1 Organic VS Inorganic

• Organic compounds contain carbon and found in
  living things
• Exceptions hydrogencarbonates (bicarbonate
  HCO3-, carbonates (CO32-)and oxides of carbon (CO
  or CO2)

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Monomer

• Sub units that are strung together to create
  larger molecules

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Polymer

• Large molecule made up of multiple subunits

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Obj 3.2.5 Dehydration Synthesis

• Reaction that links together monomers
• Removes a H from one monomer and a OH from the
  other monomer
• Forms a water molecule H2O
• Requires energy to build molecules
• Example Your liver links glucoses together to
  form a stable storage molecule called glycogen
  (aka animal starch)

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Dehydration Synthesis of Sucrose
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Hydrolysis

• Breaks down polymers
• Breaks a bond between monomers
• Uses water to add an H to one monomer and an OH
  to the other
• Releases energy
• Example salivary amylase breaks starch into
  disaccharide sugar in your mouth while you chew

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Hydrolysis of Sucrose
http//chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Biological_Chemistry/C
arbohydrates/Sucrose
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Carbohydrates

• Elements C,H,O in 121 ratio
• Monomer Monosaccharide (simple sugars)
• Polymers
• Disaccharide 2 monosaccharides (complex sugars)
• Polysaccharide many monosaccharides (starches)
• Names end in -ose

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Monosaccharides

• Examples Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
• Function quick energy
• Foods
• fruits (Fructose)
• candy(glucose is what is referred to as blood
  sugar)
• Milk (Galactose)
• Produced by photosynthesis in the chloroplast

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Disaccharides

• Examples Sucrose, maltose, lactose
• Function quick energy
• Foods
• Table sugar (sucrose)
• Malt sugar (maltose forms from breakdown of
  starches including grains)
• Milk sugar (lactose think lactose intolerant)
• Produced by plants storing products of
  photosynthesis

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Polysaccharides

• Examples starch, cellulose, glycogen (animal
  starch)
• Functions quick energy, but more stable to store
  than glucose and structure (cell walls of plants
  made of cellulose)
• Foods Potatoes (starch), Fiber (cellulose
  undigestible for humans)
• Produced by liver in animals from excess blood
  sugar and made by plants for cell walls from
  glucose made during photosynthesis