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Part of Speech : positional classes

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Part of Speech : positional classes 8th meeting Nominal and Verbal Three Modes of Classification 1.Classification by function(S,V,DO,IO,SC,OC,O.prep) 2. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Part of Speech : positional classes


1
Part of Speech positional classes
  • 8th meeting
  • Nominal and Verbal

2
Three Modes of Classification
  • 1.Classification by function(S,V,DO,IO,SC,OC,O.pre
    p)
  • 2. Classification by form (noun, verb, adjective,
    adverb, non-suffixing words)
  • 3. Classification by position (nominal, verbal,
    adjectival, adverbial)
  • ex The prettiest sat in the center.
  • nominal

3
Positional Classes
  • Nominal
  • Nominal position is occupied by any words,
    phrases, or even clauses that function as
    S,SC,DO,IO,OC,OP in a sentence.
  • ex The rich live on the bay.
  • In this sentence the word rich is an adjective
    by form but its called a nominal because it
    occupies the subject position in the sentence.
  • He hated starving.
  • In this sentence the word starving is a verb by
    form but its called a nominal because it
    occupies the direct object position in the
    sentence.

4
  • Verbal
  • Verbal are those forms that occupy verb
    positions. The verb by form is a verbal by
    position.
  • ex The golf team may play tomorrow.
  • verbal
  • The verbal position is occupied only by the main
    verb, so the aux verb may is not included in the
    verbal.

5
  • Finite Verbs
  • Finite verbs are the verb forms that are capable
    of full assertion in a sentence and of changing
    their form to indicate person, number, or tense.
  • ex the verb choose(look in page 254)

6
  • Nonfinite verbs
  • The verb forms which dont assert fully and do
    not change their form to indicate person, number,
    or tense.There are only three forms of nonfinite
    forms which are present participle(-ING vb), past
    participle(-D pp), and the infinitive(to) verb
    stem.
  • ex Shaking his fist
  • Having stayed calm
  • To stop this nonsense

7
  • 3. Adjectivals
  • Adjectivals are those words from any forms that
    fill in the adjective position in the sentence.
  • There are 4 characterictics of adjectival
    positions
  • Between the determiner(words such as a, the,
    this, that, these, those, his, her, our, their,
    Johnys) and noun
  • ex That joyful freshman
  • det adjectival noun

8
  • 2. The third slot in the pattern 2
  • ex Those boys are young.
  • NP LV AJ
  • 3. After the noun.It accepts adjectives, adverbs,
    verbs(participles), non-suffixing words, and word
    groups.
  • ex The waitress, old and weary, sat heavily
    down.

9
  • 4. At the beginning of a sentence before the
    subject.
  • Angry and upset, the applicant slammed the door.

10
  • 4. Adverbial
  • Adverbial are those words or even group of words
    that can fill in adverb position in a sentence.
    We limit the position of adverbial into 5
    positions
  • Before the pattern, with or without juncture
  • Really, you should know better.
  • Now its time to go.
  • After the subject and before the auxiliary or
    verb.
  • She often would forget her keys.
  • He actually expects to marry her.

11
  • 3. After the auxiliary or the first auxiliary.
  • He would seldom make the effort.
  • They could easily have made the touchdown.
  • 4. After the verb in pattern 1 and after be in
    pattern 2 and 3.
  • He drove recklessly.
  • Her brother is always a gentleman.
  • She is outside.

12
  • 5. After the complement of the verb (SC,DO,OC)
  • Hoskins will be quarterback tomorrow.
  • SC
  • Hoskins will play football tomorrow.
  • DO
  • They may choose Hoskins captain tomorrow.
  • OC

13
Verb-Adverbial Composites
  • A verb-adverbial composite is a group of word
    consists of a verb and adverbial ( Or in
    practice, u know it as phrasal verb).The meaning
    of a verb adverbial composite is different from
    the meaning of its verb and adverbial itself,
    therefore it produces a new meaning.
  • ex He turned up at seven oclock.
  • There are two kinds of Verb-adverbial composites
  • Intransitive Verb-Adverbial Composite (VAC)
  • ex The car broke down.
  • Transitive Verb-Adverbial Composite (VAC O)
  • ex He turned down the offer.
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