ANIMAL HEALTH

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ANIMAL HEALTH
DAVID M. BENEFIELD CULLMAN HIGH SCHOOL
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Types of Disinfectants and Antiseptics

• Disinfectants applied to the environment
• Sodium hydroxide used widely as a germicide
• Unslaked lime mixed with water to form calcium
  hydroxide
• Quaternary ammonium compounds most common spray
  disinfectants (lysol, clorox spray)
• Antiseptics applied to the animal
• Iodine
• Ethanol ethyl rubbing alcohol
• Isopropanol isopropyl rubbing alcohol

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cont.

• Hydrogen peroxide
• Cleansers
• Detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers
• Soaps

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METHODS OF ADMINISTERING MEDICINE

• Topical applied to skin or mucous membranes of
  eye,ear, or nasal passage
• Ex. Ointments, powders, aerosols
• Oral given by mouth by feeding, balling gun,
  drench applicator (gun), or dose syringe
• Ex. Pills, tablets, capsules, liquids
• Anal or rectal introduced into rectum
• Ex. Suppository

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Methods, cont.

• Nasal introduced into the nose
• Ex. Spray for respiratory virus
• Injectable placed directly into animals body
  with needle and syringe
• Ex. Intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal
• Intrauterine introduced directly into uterus
• Ex. Bolus placed in uterus after calving problems

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Common Types of Animal Medical Equipment

• Balling Gun used to administer pills, capsules,
  or boluses orally
• Syringe used with needle to administer liquid
  injectables
• Thermometer inserted into animals rectum to
  check body temperature
• Drench Gun used to administer orally liquid
  medications
• Speculum Tube 20-inch metal tube used with a
  rubber tube to relieve cattle of bloat
• Implant Gun used to deposit growth stimulant
  pellets in back of ear

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TYPES OF INJECTIONS
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SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION (SUB Q) Made in any area
where skin fits loosely, such a neck, chest wall,
or flank dosage is deposited under raised skin,
and area is then massaged to facilitate
distribution.
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INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION (IM) Made deeply into
large muscle with needle at least ¾ inch long.
Not placed in high priced meat areas, can damaged
muscle tissue.
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INTRAVENOUS INJECTION (IV) Made directly into
jugular vein with 14- or 16- gauge. 1 ½ to 2-
inch needle with point toward animals heart.
Fastest route for medicine.
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INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION (IP) Made into right
flank at point in center of triangle formed by
loin, last rib, and line from top of last rib to
hip bone.
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INFUSION INTRAMAMMARY (IMM) Made with cannula
directly into teat canal after disinfecting teat
and depressing teat to open sphincter muscle.
Mastitis (infection)
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INTRARUMINAL INJECTION (IR) Made through the
left flank with a 14-gauge, 3-inch needle. Used
to relieve bloat and injecting medicine directly
into the rumen.
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INTRADERMAL INJECTION (ID) Made into skin with a
20- to 26-gauge needle. Should raise a blister.
Hair is shaven in area.
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Types of Vaccines

• Bacterial vaccine which protects against
  diseases caused by bacteria
• Killed virus produced by infecting an animal
  with a specific virus which is harvested at the
  height of infection and subjected to killing
  agents (dead virus stimulates antibodies)
• Live virus produced by growing a live culture
  of the virus
• Modified live virus made by altering a
  disease-producing agent by growing it in another
  host or reducing virulence of the virus

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cont.

• Monovalent vaccine which produces only one
  disease immunity
• Polyvalent vaccine which produces immunity
  against two or more diseases
• Viral vaccine which protects against diseases
  caused by viruses
• Serum fluid portion of blood without the cells
  or the clotting factors (obtained from animals
  immune to the disease and injected into other
  animals in order to give passive immunity

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Common Diseases

• Blackleg and clostridium infections (Sub Q or IM)
• Vibriosis (IM)
• Leptospirosis (IM)
• Enterotoxemia (Sub Q)
• Erysipelas (Sub Q or IM)
• Anemia (IM)
• Staph mastitis (IM)

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GUIDELINES FOR PROPER VACCINATION OF ANIMALS

• Use a clean syringe in good working order
• Use only the dose directed
• Use proper method and proper route
• Keep vaccine bottles refrigerated
• Do not expose live biologicals to sunlight
• Observe slaughter withdrawal time
• Do not inject in primal cuts use shoulder of
  neck muscles
• Disinfect or change needles for each different
  animal
• Follow all manufacturers directions