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Ethics in Applied Behavior Analysis and Positive Behavior Supports

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Title: Ethics in Applied Behavior Analysis and Positive Behavior Supports


1
Ethics in Applied Behavior Analysis and Positive
Behavior Supports
  • Amy Cohen, Ph.D, BCBA
  • Clinical Director
  • HowardCenter
  • Autism Spectrum Program

2
Overview
  • Review the ethical guidelines for the fields of
    Applied Behavior Analysis and Positive Behavior
    Supports
  • General discussion regarding the guidelines or
    ethical situations which pose the greatest
    challenges in our work

3
Standards for Professional Guidelines
  • ABA and PBIS- like most areas of professional
    conduct- have developed standards of practice or
    ethical guidelines which practitioners are
    expected to adhere to
  • In addition, we are all expected to adhere to the
    ethical guidelines of our agencies and of mental
    health clinicians

4
BACB Guidelines for Responsible Conduct for
Behavior Analysts
  • 1.0 Responsible Conduct of a Behavior Analyst
  • The behavior analyst maintains the high standards
    of professional behavior of the professional
    organization.
  • 2.0 The Behavior Analyst's Responsibility to
    Clients
  • The behavior analyst has a responsibility to
    operate in the best interest of clients.
  • 3.0 Assessing Behavior
  • Behavior analysts who use behavioral assessment
    techniques do so for purposes that are
    appropriate in light of the research.
  • 4.0 The Behavior Analyst and the Individual
    Behavior Change Program
  • The behavior analyst designs programs that are
    based on behavior analytic principles, including
    assessments of effects of other intervention
    methods, involves the client or the
    client-surrogate in the planning of such
    programs, obtains the consent of the client, and
    respects the right of the client to terminate
    services at any time.

5
BACB Guidelines for Responsible Conduct for
Behavior Analysts
  • 5.0 The Behavior Analyst as Teacher and/or
    Supervisor
  • Behavior analysts delegate to their employees,
    supervisees, and research assistants only those
    responsibilities that such persons can reasonably
    be expected to perform competently.
  • 6.0 The Behavior Analyst and the Workplace
  • The behavior analyst adheres to job commitments,
    assesses employee interactions before
    intervention, works within his/her scope of
    training, develops interventions that benefit
    employees, and resolves conflicts within these
    Guidelines.
  • 7.0 The Behavior Analyst and Research
  • Behavior analysts design, conduct, and report
    research in accordance with recognized standards
    of scientific competence and ethical research.
    Behavior analysts conduct research with human and
    non-human research participants according to the
    proposal approved by the local human research
    committee, and Institutional Review Board.

6
BACB Guidelines for Responsible Conduct for
Behavior Analysts
  • 8.0 The Behavior Analyst's Ethical Responsibility
    to the Field of Behavior Analysis
  • The behavior analyst has a responsibility to
    support the values of the field, to disseminate
    knowledge to the public, to be familiar with
    these guidelines, and to discourage
    misrepresentation by non-certified individuals.
  • 9.0 The Behavior Analyst's Responsibility to
    Colleagues
  • Behavior analysts have an obligation to bring
    attention to and resolve ethical violations by
    colleagues, to make sure their data are accurate
    and presented truthfully, and they share data
    with colleagues.
  • 10.0 The Behavior Analyst's Ethical
    Responsibility to Society
  • The behavior analyst promotes the general welfare
    of society through the application of the
    principles of behavior.

7
PBS STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
  • I. Foundations of PBS
  • II. Collaboration and Team Building
  • III. Basic Principles of Behavior
  • IV. Data-Based Decision Making
  • V. Comprehensive Person Centered and Functional
    Behavior Assessments
  • VI. Development and Implementation of
    Comprehensive, Multielement Behavior Support Plans

8
What Determines Ethical Procedures?
  • Community standards
  • Laws
  • Prevailing philosophies
  • Individual freedoms
  • Clients attitude and feelings
  • Social validity (consumer satisfaction)

9
Ethical Procedures
  • Goals and procedures must be acceptable to
    students, parents and community

10
Ethical Procedures
  • Individuals who receive behavioral treatment
    services have the right to
  • a therapeutic environment
  • Services whose overriding goal is personal
    welfare
  • Treatment by a competent behavior analyst
  • Programs that teach functional skills
  • Behavioral assessment and ongoing evaluation
  • The most effective treatment procedures available
  • -Executive Council for the Association of
    Behavior Analysis

11
Therapeutic Environments
  • Therapeutic Environment should be
  • Safe
  • Humane
  • Response to individual needs
  • Enjoyable (offer choice)
  • Least restrictive

12
The Goal of Personal Welfare
  • Appropriate goal setting is required
  • Recipient of services (or parent) be informed of
    the goals and agree to them
  • Informed consent
  • Voluntary consent

13
Treatment by a Competent Behavior Analyst
  • All treatment should be overseen by a competent
    behavior analyst/behavior specialist (in PBS)
  • Should have academic on-going hands-on
    training, supervision and evaluation

14
Programs that Teach Functional Skills
  • Functional skills are determined by the needs of
    a particular individual and the environment in
    which they will live and what will be functional
    for them
  • Each individual is capable of full participation
    in community life and has a right to such
    participation

15
Behavioral Assessment and Ongoing Evaluation
  • Functional assessments are conducted in order to
    develop interventions behavior plans
  • Consent for the assessment must be obtained the
    results must be explained
  • Ongoing evaluation is necessary to ensure skill
    acquisition maintenance

16
The Most Effective Treatment Procedures Available
  • Must rely on scientifically professionally
    derived knowledge to develop treatments
  • Treatments should be the most effective least
    restrictive, least aversive treatment available
  • Consent is required for implementing behavior
    change procedures

17
Key Guidelines or Standards that present
challenges or are confronted in our work
  • Behavior Analysts have a responsibility to
    operate in the best interests of the client.
  • Who is the client?
  • School
  • Child
  • family
  • How do you make that decision?

18
Key Guidelines or Standards that present
challenges or are confronted in our work
  • A behavior analyst refrains from entering into
    dual relationships if it appears that such a
    relationship might reasonably impair objectivity,
    performance, functioning

19
Key Guidelines or Standards that present
challenges or are confronted in our work
  • Behavior analysts terminate a professional
    relationship when it becomes reasonably clear
    that the client no longer needs the service, is
    not benefiting, or is being harmed by continued
    service.
  • How long?
  • What is reasonably clear?
  • Who decides the benefit of services?

20
Key Guidelines or Standards that present
challenges or are confronted in our work
  • If environmental conditions preclude
    implementation of a behavior analytic program,
    the behavior analyst recommends that other
    professional assistance be sought.
  • What conditions might preclude implementation?

21
Key Guidelines or Standards that present
challenges or are confronted in our work
  • The behavior analyst recommends reinforcement
    first rather than punishment whenever possible.
  • Often conflicts with schools preferences/values

22
Key Guidelines or Standards that present
challenges or are confronted in our work
  • When behavior analysts believe there may have
    been an ethical violation by another behavior
    analyst, they attempt to resolve the issue by
    bringing to the attention of that individual if
    an informal resolution appears appropriate and
    the intervention does not violate confidentiality.

23
Key Guidelines or Standards that present
challenges or are confronted in our work
  • The behavior analyst always recommends the least
    restrictive procedures (in the least restrictive
    environment) likely to be effective in dealing
    with the problem behavior.
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