Title: SEALS, GASKETS
1SEALS, GASKETS SEALANTS
P H S A U T O S A L S
Installing Seals and Gaskets
2OBJECTIVES
- Identify common gaskets and seals
- Properly install common engine gaskets including
cylinder head valve cover gaskets. - Properly install typical lip seals.
3PURPOSE OF A GASKET
- Purpose of a Gasket
- To confine gas, oil, water, vacuum or exhaust
- Seal out foreign objects such as Dirt, Water
- Must withstand heat, cold, pressure, erosion,
corrosion, moisture and oil
4GASKET MATERIALS
- Gasket Materials
- synthetic rubber
- cork-rubber
- Metal - embossed steel (Corrugated)
- paper
5GASKET MATERIALS
synthetic rubber/Neoprene
6GASKET MATERIALS
- embossed steel (Corrugated)
paper
7WHAT CAUSES LEAKS
- Causes of leakage,
- Worn or damaged seals
- Worn or damaged gaskets
- Worn or bent parts or shafts
- Fasteners over tighten or to loose
- wrong parts or gaskets
- nicks or burrs
- Improper installation
8Gasket Replacement
- When Replacing gaskets ask yourself ,
"Why did this gasket fail" - List different things to look for.
- Did the gasket fail suddenly or over a period of
time? - Check the Torque
- is it to Tight
- is it to Loose
9Gasket Replacement
- Check for warp is the valve cover bent or the
bolt holes pulled through - Do both surfaces match up
- Examine the gasket very close, are the holes in
the same spot
10Gasket Replacement
If you just replace the gasket it may go out
again. Also some Bolts need to be checked for
torque for example some head gaskets need to be
retorqued. When installing gaskets check the
manufactures instructions for the proper
procedures.
11GASKET INSTALLATION
- Follow instructions.
- Thoroughly clean dry the mating surface.
- Match to the old gasket.
- Check for proper fit. Is it the right shape, do
the bolt holes all line up. - Never reuse gaskets.
- Ask yourself, Do you need Sealer. Use high tack
or 3M Weather stripping to hold in place. Only
use Silicone on mating lines and where two gasket
are joined together, like on valve covers.
12GASKET INSTALLATION
- Note where sealer is to be applied.
- Thanks to Alldata for picture
13GASKET INSTALLATION
- Use alcohol or brake clean on a clean rag to wipe
the oil off of the gasket surface - Is the surface dry
- Tighten in steps
- Use the torque pattern when tightening
- Torque to proper specs
- Use a quality gasket, saving a buck or two on a
cheap gasket or trying to reuse a gasket is not
worth it.
14CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
- When tightening a cylinder head gasket that is
not torque to Yield it is best to tighten in
steps. How much should you go, my rule of thumb
has been if under 60 lbs. Tighten in 2 steps.
If over 60 lbs. tighten in three steps. For
example if it is to be tighten to 100 foot lbs.
Tighten in this sequence 35 70 100. - Many other bolts are to be tighten in steps check
the specifications for the car.
15CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
- Must be capable of withstanding tremendous heat
and pressure.
16CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
- Follow gasket makers instructions on whether or
not to use a sealant. Most want you to just
clean and dry the surface. - What type of sealant and how much? Most head
gaskets do not want any sealant. If you have an
aluminum head and a cast iron block (sometimes
referred to as a bi-metal engine) it will expand
at different rates, if you use a sealant you are
going to have a leak. Most manufactures will use
a graphite gasket to allow for motion during the
expansion.
17CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
- Run a tap or thread chaser in bolt holes.
- Multi-layer steel gasket
18CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
- Always tighten the bolts in the correct sequence
look at the pattern.
19CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
- Look at the pattern, starts in the center and
rotates out.
20USING STRAIGHTEDGE
Check in several directions what is the
specifications? How much can be taken off?
21Torque to Yield Bolts
Torque to yield (TTY) bolts are used in many
engines today, the bolts need to be replaced.
When installing them you need to have them clean
and oiled then tighten to manufactures preload
setting. Then tightened them in a series of
stages usually about 90 degrees at a time.
22Torque to Yield Bolts
- Bolts stretch, they are elastic most of the time
they will return to their original shape. But on
Cylinder heads to keep the right tension on the
head they stretch almost to the breaking point.
If you try to reuse them they will break. - There is a lot more information on the internet.
Research it out.
23Torque to Yield Bolts
- Never reuse a torque to yield bolt. They are
beyond their elastic range, past their yield
point and will break. - A example would be for a Torque to yield (TTY)
bolt when installing them you would torque them
down to 35 foot pounds then tighten an additional
70 degrees. - Every car is different check the manual.
24Degree wheel
If your not familiar with a degree wheel, Learn
it. 90 is ¼ Turn 180 is ½ Turn Etc.
25Torque Angle Gauge
26Where do gaskets go?
27VALVE COVER GASKETS
- Check cover flanges for straightness.
- Use load spreaders when available.
- Do not use a sealant. Use high tack or 3M
Weather stripping to hold in place.
28VALVE COVER GASKETS
Some times referred to as a camshaft cover
29VALVE COVER GASKETS
30INTAKE MANIFOLD GASKETS
Steel Paper
31EXHAUST GASKETS
Doughnut
Ring
Exhaust Rings called Exhaust Doughnuts
fiber facing material on one side and perforated
steel on the other. Fiber surface against the
head, Steel on the manifold.
32OIL PAN GASKETS
Rear main seal
Molded gaskets, oil pan and intake manifold
33Rope rear main seal
34Rear main seal
35VALVE STEM SEALS
- Deflector seals usually called umbrella seals
that move with the valve and Positive Seals
attach to the valve boss and GM O-rings
36VALVE STEM SEALS
umbrella seals Deflect the oil
valve
37VALVE STEM SEALS
- Positive Seals attach to the valve guide.
38SEALS
- We have come along way from the old felt
leather seal. Most seals today are made of
Nitrile. Some Seals are made of Viton, Silicone,
or Polyacrylics. For more information on what
seals are made of go to the CR website to find
out. - The first job of the seal is to keep the oil in
and the dirt out but it can also be used to
separate fluids and to with stand different
pressures. Proper installation and inspection is
very important
39SEALS
- Seals can be
- Spring-loaded
- Springless
- Single-lip
- Multi-lip
40SEALS
SKF New web site
41SEALS
- A. The flexible material component of the seal
which produces the lip. In this design there is
only one lip, the primary sealing lip.B. The
outer shell of the seal holds the seal in
place.C. The garter spring (found in most seal
designs) is a coiled wire spring that provides a
controlled radial load over time.
42SEAL INSTALLATION
Inspect the shaft that the seal rides on it might
be bent or damaged. You may have to install a
sleeve or clean up with crocus cloth or replace
with a new part
43SEAL INSTALLATION
- Install with lip (and garter spring) toward
liquid. - Lubricate lip before installation.
- Use sealant on the outside of steel seals.
- Use a seal installer.
44Check out the power point on seals and seal
failures
45Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
- Clean and measure the diameter of the worn shaft
46Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
- Place the sleeve on the shaft then put on the
installation tool
47Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
- Hammer or press the sleeve onto the shaft far
enough to cover the worn area
48USING SEALANTS
- Use proper sealant for application.
- Do not use a sealant unless specified in service
manual or by gasket manufacturer. - Types of sealants
- Hard drying like 3M Weather stripping or a glue
to keep a gasket in place - Aerobic (RTV)cures when exposed to air
- Anaerobic cure after the components are put
together (Thread lockers)
49Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
- RTV - Room Temperature Vulcanizing
- Replaces most gaskets
- forms a rubber seal by absorbing moisture in the
air - Sets in about ten minutes Dries in about 2 hours
fully cures in 24 hours. - Cure times will vary with Temperature, Humidity,
and size of the gap
50Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
- Blue is the most common color but also comes in
Black, gray, bronze,clear, red and white(white is
for the bathroom)
51Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
- Make sure that it is O2 Sensor safe if used
around the engine - Do not use around Gasoline
- Clean and dry surface before using
- When using around bolt holes go all the way
around the hole.
52Thread lockers
- Anaerobic cures after the components are put
together - Locks Bolts Studs against Vibration loosening
- Clean and dry all parts removing dirt, oil,
grease and/or any foreign material
53Thread lockers
- Four colors
- Use on screws up to ¼ - Purple
- 242 Able to Remove up to 3/4" Bolts - Blue
- 271 High Strength Hard to Remove up to 1"
Dia. - Red - 290 Wicking Grade for Preassembled Parts -
Green - could be different due to size of bottle
54Purple Thread lockers
- Low strength
- Use on screws up to ¼
- Applied BEFORE Assembly
- Carburetors, relay locks, headlamps, throttle
body assembly, choke assembly and fuel injection
set screws, body panel mounting fasteners
55Blue Thread lockers
- Medium Strength for all bolts ¼ or larger
- Able to Remove with hand tools
- Prevents parts from loosening from vibration
- Protects threads from corrosion
- Recommend for valve cover bolts,rocker arm nuts,
carburetor studs, motorcycle, jet skis
snowmobiles etc. - Applied BEFORE Assembly
56Red Thread lockers
- High Strength Hard to Remove
- Works well for studs and press fit
- Locks against heavy vibration
- Requires extra effort to remove or special tools
like heat - OEM specified as 271
- Applied BEFORE Assembly
57Green Thread lockers
- Wicking Grade for Pre-assembled
Parts - Use on Calibration and adjustment screws
- Applied AFTER Assembly
- OEM specified as 290
- There is also a Green High Strength for sleeves
58Thread / Pipe Sealant
- Liquid Teflon
- Thread Sealant for metal tapered pipe threads and
fittings, replaces teflon tape - Suggested applications
- Stainless steel fittings, head bolts into through
holes (water Jacket), oil PSI sending
units/sensors, oil and coolant lines, intake
manifold switches, rear axle fill plug, fuel
fittings
59Teflon Tape
- Prevents leaks Just wrap tape around threads on
pipes that carry air or liquid
- Use on stainless, aluminum, plastic, iron,
copper, or brass.
60O-Rings
- O-rings come in several sizes the most common
standard sizes are 1/16,
3/32, 1/8, 3/16, 1/4
61O-Rings
- O-Rings come in several shapes an O being the
most common but you can find others in D shape,
Square-ring and a modified X. - O-Rings also come in different types of materials
make sure what you are using is compatible with
the fluid it is next to.
62The End
P H S A U T O S A L S
For this little leak
Thanks to Federal Mogul for some of the pictures
and