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SEALS, GASKETS

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Proper installation and inspection is very important SEALS Seals can be Spring-loaded Springless Single ... oil, water, vacuum or exhaust Seal out foreign ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SEALS, GASKETS


1
SEALS, GASKETS SEALANTS
P H S A U T O S A L S
Installing Seals and Gaskets
2
OBJECTIVES
  • Identify common gaskets and seals
  • Properly install common engine gaskets including
    cylinder head valve cover gaskets.
  • Properly install typical lip seals.

3
PURPOSE OF A GASKET
  • Purpose of a Gasket
  • To confine gas, oil, water, vacuum or exhaust
  • Seal out foreign objects such as Dirt, Water
  • Must withstand heat, cold, pressure, erosion,
    corrosion, moisture and oil

4
GASKET MATERIALS
  • Gasket Materials
  • synthetic rubber
  • cork-rubber
  • Metal - embossed steel (Corrugated)
  • paper

5
GASKET MATERIALS
  • cork-rubber

synthetic rubber/Neoprene
6
GASKET MATERIALS
  • embossed steel (Corrugated)

paper
7
WHAT CAUSES LEAKS
  • Causes of leakage,
  • Worn or damaged seals
  • Worn or damaged gaskets
  • Worn or bent parts or shafts
  • Fasteners over tighten or to loose
  • wrong parts or gaskets
  • nicks or burrs
  • Improper installation

8
Gasket Replacement
  • When Replacing gaskets ask yourself ,
    "Why did this gasket fail"
  • List different things to look for.
  • Did the gasket fail suddenly or over a period of
    time?
  • Check the Torque
  • is it to Tight
  • is it to Loose

9
Gasket Replacement
  • Check for warp is the valve cover bent or the
    bolt holes pulled through
  • Do both surfaces match up
  • Examine the gasket very close, are the holes in
    the same spot

10
Gasket Replacement
If you just replace the gasket it may go out
again. Also some Bolts need to be checked for
torque for example some head gaskets need to be
retorqued. When installing gaskets check the
manufactures instructions for the proper
procedures.
11
GASKET INSTALLATION
  • Follow instructions.
  • Thoroughly clean dry the mating surface.
  • Match to the old gasket.
  • Check for proper fit. Is it the right shape, do
    the bolt holes all line up.
  • Never reuse gaskets.
  • Ask yourself, Do you need Sealer. Use high tack
    or 3M Weather stripping to hold in place. Only
    use Silicone on mating lines and where two gasket
    are joined together, like on valve covers.

12
GASKET INSTALLATION
  • Note where sealer is to be applied.
  • Thanks to Alldata for picture

13
GASKET INSTALLATION
  • Use alcohol or brake clean on a clean rag to wipe
    the oil off of the gasket surface
  • Is the surface dry
  • Tighten in steps
  • Use the torque pattern when tightening
  • Torque to proper specs
  • Use a quality gasket, saving a buck or two on a
    cheap gasket or trying to reuse a gasket is not
    worth it.

14
CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
  • When tightening a cylinder head gasket that is
    not torque to Yield it is best to tighten in
    steps. How much should you go, my rule of thumb
    has been if under 60 lbs. Tighten in 2 steps.
    If over 60 lbs. tighten in three steps. For
    example if it is to be tighten to 100 foot lbs.
    Tighten in this sequence 35 70 100.
  • Many other bolts are to be tighten in steps check
    the specifications for the car.

15
CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
  • Must be capable of withstanding tremendous heat
    and pressure.

16
CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
  • Follow gasket makers instructions on whether or
    not to use a sealant. Most want you to just
    clean and dry the surface.
  • What type of sealant and how much? Most head
    gaskets do not want any sealant. If you have an
    aluminum head and a cast iron block (sometimes
    referred to as a bi-metal engine) it will expand
    at different rates, if you use a sealant you are
    going to have a leak. Most manufactures will use
    a graphite gasket to allow for motion during the
    expansion.

17
CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
  • Run a tap or thread chaser in bolt holes.
  • Multi-layer steel gasket

18
CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
  • Always tighten the bolts in the correct sequence
    look at the pattern.

19
CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
  • Look at the pattern, starts in the center and
    rotates out.

20
USING STRAIGHTEDGE
Check in several directions what is the
specifications? How much can be taken off?
21
Torque to Yield Bolts
Torque to yield (TTY) bolts are used in many
engines today, the bolts need to be replaced.
When installing them you need to have them clean
and oiled then tighten to manufactures preload
setting. Then tightened them in a series of
stages usually about 90 degrees at a time.
22
Torque to Yield Bolts
  • Bolts stretch, they are elastic most of the time
    they will return to their original shape. But on
    Cylinder heads to keep the right tension on the
    head they stretch almost to the breaking point.
    If you try to reuse them they will break.
  • There is a lot more information on the internet.
    Research it out.

23
Torque to Yield Bolts
  • Never reuse a torque to yield bolt. They are
    beyond their elastic range, past their yield
    point and will break.
  • A example would be for a Torque to yield (TTY)
    bolt when installing them you would torque them
    down to 35 foot pounds then tighten an additional
    70 degrees.
  • Every car is different check the manual.

24
Degree wheel
If your not familiar with a degree wheel, Learn
it. 90 is ¼ Turn 180 is ½ Turn Etc.
25
Torque Angle Gauge
26
Where do gaskets go?
27
VALVE COVER GASKETS
  • Check cover flanges for straightness.
  • Use load spreaders when available.
  • Do not use a sealant. Use high tack or 3M
    Weather stripping to hold in place.

28
VALVE COVER GASKETS
Some times referred to as a camshaft cover
29
VALVE COVER GASKETS
30
INTAKE MANIFOLD GASKETS
Steel Paper
31
EXHAUST GASKETS
Doughnut
Ring
Exhaust Rings called Exhaust Doughnuts
fiber facing material on one side and perforated
steel on the other. Fiber surface against the
head, Steel on the manifold.
32
OIL PAN GASKETS
Rear main seal
Molded gaskets, oil pan and intake manifold
33
Rope rear main seal
34
Rear main seal
35
VALVE STEM SEALS
  • Deflector seals usually called umbrella seals
    that move with the valve and Positive Seals
    attach to the valve boss and GM O-rings

36
VALVE STEM SEALS
umbrella seals Deflect the oil
valve
37
VALVE STEM SEALS
  • Positive Seals attach to the valve guide.

38
SEALS
  • We have come along way from the old felt
    leather seal. Most seals today are made of
    Nitrile. Some Seals are made of Viton, Silicone,
    or Polyacrylics. For more information on what
    seals are made of go to the CR website to find
    out.
  • The first job of the seal is to keep the oil in
    and the dirt out but it can also be used to
    separate fluids and to with stand different
    pressures. Proper installation and inspection is
    very important

39
SEALS
  • Seals can be
  • Spring-loaded
  • Springless
  • Single-lip
  • Multi-lip

40
SEALS
SKF New web site
41
SEALS
  • A. The flexible material component of the seal
    which produces the lip. In this design there is
    only one lip, the primary sealing lip.B. The
    outer shell of the seal holds the seal in
    place.C. The garter spring (found in most seal
    designs) is a coiled wire spring that provides a
    controlled radial load over time.

42
SEAL INSTALLATION
Inspect the shaft that the seal rides on it might
be bent or damaged. You may have to install a
sleeve or clean up with crocus cloth or replace
with a new part
43
SEAL INSTALLATION
  • Install with lip (and garter spring) toward
    liquid.
  • Lubricate lip before installation.
  • Use sealant on the outside of steel seals.
  • Use a seal installer.

44
Check out the power point on seals and seal
failures
45
Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
  • Clean and measure the diameter of the worn shaft

46
Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
  • Place the sleeve on the shaft then put on the
    installation tool

47
Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
  • Hammer or press the sleeve onto the shaft far
    enough to cover the worn area

48
USING SEALANTS
  • Use proper sealant for application.
  • Do not use a sealant unless specified in service
    manual or by gasket manufacturer.
  • Types of sealants
  • Hard drying like 3M Weather stripping or a glue
    to keep a gasket in place
  • Aerobic (RTV)cures when exposed to air
  • Anaerobic cure after the components are put
    together (Thread lockers)

49
Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
  • RTV - Room Temperature Vulcanizing
  • Replaces most gaskets
  • forms a rubber seal by absorbing moisture in the
    air
  • Sets in about ten minutes Dries in about 2 hours
    fully cures in 24 hours.
  • Cure times will vary with Temperature, Humidity,
    and size of the gap

50
Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
  • Blue is the most common color but also comes in
    Black, gray, bronze,clear, red and white(white is
    for the bathroom)

51
Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
  • Make sure that it is O2 Sensor safe if used
    around the engine
  • Do not use around Gasoline
  • Clean and dry surface before using
  • When using around bolt holes go all the way
    around the hole.

52
Thread lockers
  • Anaerobic cures after the components are put
    together
  • Locks Bolts Studs against Vibration loosening
  • Clean and dry all parts removing dirt, oil,
    grease and/or any foreign material

53
Thread lockers
  • Four colors
  • Use on screws up to ¼ - Purple
  • 242 Able to Remove up to 3/4" Bolts - Blue
  • 271 High Strength Hard to Remove up to 1"
    Dia. - Red
  • 290 Wicking Grade for Preassembled Parts -
    Green
  • could be different due to size of bottle

54
Purple Thread lockers
  • Low strength
  • Use on screws up to ¼
  • Applied BEFORE Assembly
  • Carburetors, relay locks, headlamps, throttle
    body assembly, choke assembly and fuel injection
    set screws, body panel mounting fasteners

55
Blue Thread lockers
  • Medium Strength for all bolts ¼ or larger
  • Able to Remove with hand tools
  • Prevents parts from loosening from vibration
  • Protects threads from corrosion
  • Recommend for valve cover bolts,rocker arm nuts,
    carburetor studs, motorcycle, jet skis
    snowmobiles etc.
  • Applied BEFORE Assembly

56
Red Thread lockers
  • High Strength Hard to Remove
  • Works well for studs and press fit
  • Locks against heavy vibration
  • Requires extra effort to remove or special tools
    like heat
  • OEM specified as 271
  • Applied BEFORE Assembly

57
Green Thread lockers
  • Wicking Grade for Pre-assembled
    Parts
  • Use on Calibration and adjustment screws
  • Applied AFTER Assembly
  • OEM specified as 290
  • There is also a Green High Strength for sleeves

58
Thread / Pipe Sealant
  • Liquid Teflon
  • Thread Sealant for metal tapered pipe threads and
    fittings, replaces teflon tape
  • Suggested applications
  • Stainless steel fittings, head bolts into through
    holes (water Jacket), oil PSI sending
    units/sensors, oil and coolant lines, intake
    manifold switches, rear axle fill plug, fuel
    fittings

59
Teflon Tape
  • Prevents leaks Just wrap tape around threads on
    pipes that carry air or liquid
  • Use on stainless, aluminum, plastic, iron,
    copper, or brass.

60
O-Rings
  • O-rings come in several sizes the most common
    standard sizes are 1/16,
    3/32, 1/8, 3/16, 1/4

61
O-Rings
  • O-Rings come in several shapes an O being the
    most common but you can find others in D shape,
    Square-ring and a modified X.
  • O-Rings also come in different types of materials
    make sure what you are using is compatible with
    the fluid it is next to.

62
The End
P H S A U T O S A L S
For this little leak
Thanks to Federal Mogul for some of the pictures
and
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