Embedded Systems

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Embedded Systems

• Theory and Design

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What is an Embedded System

• An Embedded System is a microprocessor
  based system that is embedded as a subsystem, in
  a larger system (which may or may not be a
  computer system).

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Application areas

• Automotive electronics
• Aircraft electronics
• Trains
• Telecommunication

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Application areas

• Medical systems

• Military applications

• Authentication

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Essential Components

• Microprocessor
• Sensors
• Converters (A-D and D-A)
• Actuators
• Memory (On-chip and Off chip)
• Communication path with the interacting
  environment

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Embedded System Structure(Generic)
Actuator
D-A
A-D
Processor
Sensor
Memory
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Essential Considerations

• Response Time -- Real Time Systems
• Area
• Cost
• Portability
• Low Power (Battery Life)
• Fault Tolerance

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Design Issues(Hardware-Software Co-design)

• System Specification
• Functions, Real Time Constraints, Cost and
  Power Constraints
• Hardware Software Partitioning
• Hardware Synthesis
• Simulation
• Implementation

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General Characteristics of Embedded Systems

• Perform a single task
• Usually not general purpose
• Increasingly high performance and real time
  constrained
• Power, cost and reliability are important
  considerations
• HW-SW systems
• Software is used for more features and
  flexibility
• Hardware (processors, ASICs, memory etc. are used
  for performance and security

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Classification of Embedded Systems

• Distributed and Non distributed
• Reactive and Transformational
• Control dominated and Data dominated

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Importance of Embedded Softwareand Embedded
Processors
The New York Times has estimated that the
average American comes into contact with about 60
micro-processors every day....
Latest top-level BMWs contain over 100
micro- processors Personal communication
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MICROCONTROLLER ( 89C2051)

• The AT 89C2051 is a low voltage, high
  performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 2K
  bytes of flash programmable memory.

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Pin diagram
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Qualities of 89C2051 microcontroller

• Cost effectiveness.
• 89C2051 has only 15 I/O lines so, port1 and port3
  are only available on it.
• The architecture of 89C2051 does not support any
  external address/data bus and therefore RD,WR
  signals are absent .
• The 89C2051 also supports full-duplex serial
  communication and six interrupt sources.

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• THANK YOU