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Catholic Reform

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Catholic Reform Counter-Reformation Review of Criticisms of the Church Temporal Punishment Must confess sins to a priest Need to undergo some punishment or task ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Catholic Reform


1
Catholic Reform
  • Counter-Reformation

2
Review of Criticisms of the Church
  • Temporal Punishment
  • Must confess sins to a priest
  • Need to undergo some punishment or task to make
    amends for the sins committed
  • Examples good works feeding the hungry,
    caring for the sick
  • If a sin is not expiated, you will spend time in
    purgatory
  • allows temporal punishment to transfer to the
    afterlife
  • Indulgences
  • created by the church to collect money (late 13th
    century)
  • paying someone else to do the good works demanded
    of you to expiate your sins
  • in return get a receipt- (document) proof of the
    indulgence purchase
  • approved by Clement VI (Avignon Papacy)
  • simply- buying your way into heaven
  • expanded with the invention of the printing press

3
Criticisms
  • Simony
  • Sale Church offices, or positions.
  • Many Italian cardinals bought there way into
    leadership positions within the R.C.C.
  • Many gained control of lands they never visited.
  • Nepotism
  • The awarding of posts to relatives or friends.
  • Pope Paul III made two of his grandsons cardinals.

4
  • Men are to be changed by, not to change,
    religion
  • -superior general of the Hermits of St. Augustine
  • Popes were unwilling to answer calls for early
    reform, for fear that their power would be
    stripped.

5
The Religious Situation circa 1560
Lutheran Anglican Calvinist Anabaptist Roman
Catholic
6
New Religious Orders
  • New R.C.C. orders did develop to respond to calls
    for reform Who were they?
  • Theatines (1524)-restore virtue and honor to the
    clergy.
  • Capuchins (1528)-return to charitable ideals of
    St. Francis. Founded by Matteo de Bascio.
  • Carmelites- Teresa of Avilia-new push for women
    to withdraw from society to reach true devotion.
  • Ursulines (1535)-religious education for girls of
    all classes. Angela Merici.

7
Ignatius of Loyola
  • What is his story?
  • Spiritual Exercises
  • Designed to teach one absolute spiritual
    self-mastery over one's feelings.
  • Through self-discipline and self-control you will
    accept , without question, church authority and
    spiritual direction.

8
The Society of Jesus a.k.a the Jesuits
  • A model of church organization, orthodoxy, and
    discipline.
  • Goal was to help shape the will of the individual
    to help the church.
  • Teach the teachers
  • Key to bringing back Catholics in Austria,
    Bavaria, the Rhineland, Poland.
  • Traveled throughout the world.
  • Become known for education.
  • 28 Jesuit colleges in the U.S.
  • Marquette, St. Louis U., Boston College, Regis,
    Xavier, Gonzaga, Loyola (Chicago), Creighton

9
Council of Trent
  • Three sessions-
  • 18 years, 4 Popes
  • 1545-1563
  • Dominated by Italians
  • Reforms what were they?
  • Curb selling of church offices
  • Bishops sent to live in the dioceses
  • Bishops must be visible, preach regularly, and
    visit dioceses.
  • Parish priests required to dress better, be
    educated, strictly celibate, and active in
    parish.
  • A Seminary established in each dioceses. (good
    for history)

10
Reaffirmations
  • Scholastic education of the clergy
  • Role of Good works in salvation
  • Authority of Tradition
  • 7 Sacraments
  • Transubstantiation
  • Eucharistic cup for clergy only
  • Clerical celibacy
  • Realty of Purgatory
  • Veneration of saints, relics, and sacred images
  • Granting letters of indulgence (No longer SELLING
    them!)

11
The Roman Inquisition
  • Pope Paul III ordered the Inquisition in 1542.
  • Initially designed to purge Protestants from
    Italy
  • There were 3 Inquisitions
  • Medieval 1231
  • Spanish 1478
  • Roman 1542

12
The Roman Inquisition
  • Pope Paul IV (Gian Pietro Carafaheaded the
    inquisition for Paul III)
  • Censorship Forbidden books.
  • Invented the ghetto, ordering Jews living in
    the Papal States to reside in specific
    neighborhoods, which they could leave only at
    certain times..
  • Issued a bull in 1555 stating the Jews were to
    blame for the death of Jesus Christ, and
    therefore should be slaves.
  • In most of Catholic Europe Jews had to wear
    yellow caps, could not own land, and were
    excluded from most professions.
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