After the Collapse of the Roman Empire

1
After the Collapse of the Roman Empire

• 476- Roman Empire fell and Europe split into many
  small independent kingdoms
• Middle Ages period after Rome fell Europe
  formed.
• Early Middle Ages (Dark Ages)
• Late Middle Ages

2
Feudalism

• Know chart
• Vassals owed the lord military service in
  exchange for land
• Fiefs vast lands
• Serfs peasants who are tied to the land

3
The Medieval Knight

• Warrior/noble, wore armour, rode on horseback,
  sword and lance
• Code of chivalry
• Behave honourably
• Fight fairly
• Defend Christianity
• Treat noble prisoners well
• Be generous to the poor
• Respect and cherish ladies

4
Kingdom of the Franks

• Clovis king who established the Frankish
  Kingdom
• Charles Martel Mayor of the Palace, in charge
  of Frankish kingdom, alliance with the Roman
  Catholic Church
• Charlemagne grandson of Charles Martels,
  increased the size of the Frankish Kingdom,
  Emperor of Romans
• Carolingian Renaissance Charlemagne set up
  schools and libraries to revive learning and
  literacy

5
Vikings

• Sailors from Norway, Sweden and Denmark
• Leif Ericson 1st to find Newfoundland
• Normandy part of northern France the Vikings
  took from the Franks

6
Britain

• Angles, Jutes, Saxons controlled Britain
• Canute Danish king who took control of England
• Norman Conquest 1066, William the Conqueror
  conquered England
• Battle of Hastings William defeated Harold the
  Saxon king and took control of England.

7
France

• Western part of the former Frankish kingdom
• Hugh Capet elected king of France

8
Holy Roman Empire

• Eastern part of the former Frankish
• Otto king of Holy Roman Empire, Holy Roman
  Emperor
• Holy Roman Empire Germany and most of Italy

9
Crusades

• Crusades holy wars against the Muslim to regain
  Jerusalem, launched by Pope Urban II
• 1st Crusade 34 000 knights, success
• 2nd Crusade failure
• 3rd Crusade Saladin (Muslim Leader) vs. King
  Richard the Lionheart (King of England and
  Christian leader) truce in the end, Christian
  pilgrims allowed back in Jerusalem
• 4th Crusade Venice attacks Constantinople,
  embarrassment because both Christian cities
• Results
• Pope and Church highly esteemed
• Kings more powerful b/c rivals dead
• Eastern products introduced

10
Decline of Medieval Europe

• European society began to decline due natural
  disaster and wars
• Famines (1314-1317)
• Hundred Years War
• Black Death

11
Hundred Years War

• Series of conflicts that lasted more than 100
  years between England and France
• King Edward III of England claimed the French
  throne and attacked France in 1337
• English many victories early b/c of long bow
• English close to winning and laid siege to
  Orleans in 1428
• English defeated at Orleans French led by Joan
  of Arc (17 year old peasant girl who said God
  told her to save France, eventually burnt at the
  stake when captured by English)
• At end of wars borders have barely changed from
  the start

12
Black Death

• Population has tripled in Europe but several
  crises had weakened the population (famines, war)
• Black Death (1347-1351) ¼ to 1/3 died
• Three Types
• Bubonic (transmitted by fleas with Y-pestis
  bacilli, enlarge lymph nodes and buboes)
• Pneumonic (in lungs)
• Septicaemic (in bloodstream)
• Effects fewer workers more jobs higher pay
• Medieval Theories on cause of Black Death
• Unusual planetary conjunction
• God is angry
• Minorities (Jews, Lepers, witches) poisoned the
  wells

13
Medieval Government

• England
• Monarchy govt headed by a king or queen
• Juries group of men in each village had to swear
  a solemn oath about the value of their property
  to the royal envoys of William the Conqueror
• Domesday Book every person, animal and piece of
  property recorded for tax purposes
• Henry I increased royal power by improving cash
  flow and royal bureaucracy
• Magna Carta The Great Charter, the barons
  force Kind John to sign the document, limited the
  kings power, king no longer above the law
• Parliament meetings of Great Council and later
  most citizens represented, advised the king

14
Medieval Government continued

• France
• Hugh Capet founded dynasty that would last 300
  years
• Estates General French Parliament, no real
  power
• Holy Roman Empire
• Otto I united duchies of Holy Roman Empire

15
Religion in Medieval Europe

• Middle Ages Age of Faith
• Doctrines church teachings
• Roman Catholic Church very powerful (own govt,
  courts, laws, lands, etc)
• Know chart
• Excommunicate remove someone from the religion
• Inquisition special court set up to investigate
  heretics (those who disagreed or disobeyed church
  teachings), torture them to renounce beliefs, if
  not burnt at the stake
• Factors that led to the decline of the Church in
  the 13th and 14th century
• Fourth Crusade
• Black Death
• Babylon Captivity (Papacy moved to Avignon,
  France by Philip IV where he elected a French
  pope 70 years)
• Great Schism (period where there were 2 and then
  3 popes)

16
Reformation

• Religious movement in Europe that began with
  Roman Catholic reforms and ended with the
  establishment of Protestant churches in the 16th
  c (started in Germany)
• Causes
• Babylon Captivity and Great Schism
• Sale of church offices
• Sale of indulgences
• Extravagant Church spending
• Difference in how church should be run
• Martin Luther leader, German monk who wrote 95
  theses or statements about his outrage with
  indulgences and Roman Catholic Church
• Luthers ideas spread via the printing press
  (Gutenberg)
• Pope excommunicated him but protected by German
  prince
• Caused a split and Protestant church will begin
  to form in Europe

17
Renaissance

• A great revival of Classical (Greek and Roman)
  art, literature and learning in Europe in 14th
  16th
• Where Florence and other Italian cities
• Who artists, writers, scholars and great
  patrons who paid them
• Philosophy Humanism (focus on human concerns
  and the Classics), see beauty in human form,
  optimistic and creative
• Renaissance men
• Michelangelo David and Sistine Chapel
• Da Vinci Mona Lisa and Last Supper