Classification: the process of grouping things according to similarities Taxonomy: the science of classifying and naming living things - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Classification: the process of grouping things according to similarities Taxonomy: the science of classifying and naming living things

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... Bryophyta (mosses), Pteridophyta (ferns), Coniferophyta (conifers, like pine trees), Angiospermophyta (angiosperms, like flowering plants) Bryophyte ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Classification: the process of grouping things according to similarities Taxonomy: the science of classifying and naming living things


1
Classification the process of grouping things
according to similarities Taxonomy the science
of classifying and naming living things
2
  • The father of modern taxonomy was Carolus
    Linnaeus- Swedish Botanist
  • Organisms are grouped by examining how an
    organism gets its energy, studying cells,
    comparing DNA and Structural Anatomy

1707-1778
3
Why is taxonomy an ongoing science?
4
8 Classification Levels of Organisms
  • From Largest to Smallest Group
  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
  • Mnemonic Device?

5
The Seven Level System
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
  • King
  • Phillip
  • Called
  • Oprah
  • For
  • Good
  • Spices

6
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7
The Three Domains
  • Domain Archaea
  • Includes newly discovered cell types
  • Contains 1 kingdom the Archaebacteria
  • Domain Bacteria
  • Includes other members of old kingdom Monera
  • Has 1 kingdom the Eubacteria
  • Domain Eukarya
  • Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made
  • up of eukaryotic cells
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Animalia
  • Plantae

8
Domain Archaea
9
Domain Eubacteria
10
Domain Eukarya
Contains all of the eukaryotes (organisms with a
nucleus in their cells) Protista Fungi Plantae Ani
malia
11
The Old System
12
6 Kingdom Proposal
Archebacteria the extreme environment dwellers
Eubacteria normal environment dwellers
13
Kingdom Protista
  • Includes All Protists
  • Eukaryotic
  • Unicellular
  • Animal-Like Protists (protozoans)
  • Pseudopods, Ciliates, Flagellates
  • Examples Amoeba, Paramecia, Giardia
  • Plant-Like Protists (autotrophic)
  • Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms,
    Green/Red/Brown Algae
  • Fungus-Like Protists
  • Examples Water molds, slime molds

Paramecium
Giardia
Amoeba
Water Mold
Slime Mold
Euglena
Brown Algae
Green Algae
Dinoflagellates
Diatom
14
Kingdom Fungi All eukaryotic, multicellular,
heterotrophic, sessile organismsIncludes molds,
mushrooms, rusts, lichens
15
Kingdom Plantae All eukaryotic, multicellular,
sessile organismsProduce their own food from
sunlight and carbon dioxideCommon Phyla
Bryophyta (mosses), Pteridophyta
(ferns),Coniferophyta (conifers, like pine
trees), Angiospermophyta (angiosperms, like
flowering plants)
Primitive Plants
Complex Plants
Bryophyte (Moss)
Pteridophyte(Fern)
Pteridophyte(Fern)
Coniferophytes (Pine Trees)
Angiosperm Dicot
Angiosperm Monocot
16
Animalia
  • All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic,
    motile (most) organisms

17
Porifera
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
  • Common Phyla
  • Porifera (sponges, coral)
  • Cnidaria Ctenophora (jellyfish and similar
    animals)
  • Platyhelmenthes (flat worms, tapeworms)
  • Nematoda (small unsegmented worms)

Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
18
Annelida
Chordata
  • Mollusca (inc. clams, oysters, etc..)
  • Annelida (segmented worms)
  • Echinodermata (starfish and anemones)
  • Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders)
  • Chordata (anything w/ spinal chord)

Arthropoda
Molluska
Echinodermata
19
Human Classification
Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum
Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family
Hominidae Genus Homo Species Sapien
20
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21
Ursus americanus American Black Bear Binomial
Nomenclature a two-name system First part of
name genus first letter always
capitalized Second part of name species first
letter always lowercase Entire name is
underlined and italicized Names must be
submitted for acceptance by original discoverer,
and are generally Latin or Latinized
Why use a dead language?
22
Devil Cat
23
Ghost Cat
24
Mountain Lion
25
Screaming Cat
26
Puma
27
Florida Panther
28
Cougar
29
  • There are at least 50 common names for
  • the animal shown on the previous 7 slides.
  • Common names vary according to region.
  • Soooowhy use a scientific name?

30
Canis domesticus
Canis lupus Closely related organisms
are often in the same genus, also giving clues
about their names
31
Felis concolor Which is the genus? The species?
32
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