Title: Classification: the process of grouping things according to similarities Taxonomy: the science of classifying and naming living things
1Classification the process of grouping things
according to similarities Taxonomy the science
of classifying and naming living things
2- The father of modern taxonomy was Carolus
Linnaeus- Swedish Botanist - Organisms are grouped by examining how an
organism gets its energy, studying cells,
comparing DNA and Structural Anatomy
1707-1778
3Why is taxonomy an ongoing science?
48 Classification Levels of Organisms
- From Largest to Smallest Group
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
- Mnemonic Device?
5The Seven Level System
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
- King
- Phillip
- Called
- Oprah
- For
- Good
- Spices
6(No Transcript)
7The Three Domains
- Domain Archaea
- Includes newly discovered cell types
- Contains 1 kingdom the Archaebacteria
- Domain Bacteria
- Includes other members of old kingdom Monera
- Has 1 kingdom the Eubacteria
- Domain Eukarya
- Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made
- up of eukaryotic cells
- Protista
- Fungi
- Animalia
- Plantae
8Domain Archaea
9Domain Eubacteria
10Domain Eukarya
Contains all of the eukaryotes (organisms with a
nucleus in their cells) Protista Fungi Plantae Ani
malia
11The Old System
126 Kingdom Proposal
Archebacteria the extreme environment dwellers
Eubacteria normal environment dwellers
13Kingdom Protista
- Includes All Protists
- Eukaryotic
- Unicellular
- Animal-Like Protists (protozoans)
- Pseudopods, Ciliates, Flagellates
- Examples Amoeba, Paramecia, Giardia
- Plant-Like Protists (autotrophic)
- Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms,
Green/Red/Brown Algae - Fungus-Like Protists
- Examples Water molds, slime molds
Paramecium
Giardia
Amoeba
Water Mold
Slime Mold
Euglena
Brown Algae
Green Algae
Dinoflagellates
Diatom
14Kingdom Fungi All eukaryotic, multicellular,
heterotrophic, sessile organismsIncludes molds,
mushrooms, rusts, lichens
15Kingdom Plantae All eukaryotic, multicellular,
sessile organismsProduce their own food from
sunlight and carbon dioxideCommon Phyla
Bryophyta (mosses), Pteridophyta
(ferns),Coniferophyta (conifers, like pine
trees), Angiospermophyta (angiosperms, like
flowering plants)
Primitive Plants
Complex Plants
Bryophyte (Moss)
Pteridophyte(Fern)
Pteridophyte(Fern)
Coniferophytes (Pine Trees)
Angiosperm Dicot
Angiosperm Monocot
16Animalia
- All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic,
motile (most) organisms
17Porifera
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
- Common Phyla
- Porifera (sponges, coral)
- Cnidaria Ctenophora (jellyfish and similar
animals) - Platyhelmenthes (flat worms, tapeworms)
- Nematoda (small unsegmented worms)
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
18Annelida
Chordata
- Mollusca (inc. clams, oysters, etc..)
- Annelida (segmented worms)
- Echinodermata (starfish and anemones)
- Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders)
- Chordata (anything w/ spinal chord)
Arthropoda
Molluska
Echinodermata
19Human Classification
Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum
Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family
Hominidae Genus Homo Species Sapien
20(No Transcript)
21Ursus americanus American Black Bear Binomial
Nomenclature a two-name system First part of
name genus first letter always
capitalized Second part of name species first
letter always lowercase Entire name is
underlined and italicized Names must be
submitted for acceptance by original discoverer,
and are generally Latin or Latinized
Why use a dead language?
22Devil Cat
23Ghost Cat
24Mountain Lion
25Screaming Cat
26Puma
27Florida Panther
28Cougar
29- There are at least 50 common names for
- the animal shown on the previous 7 slides.
- Common names vary according to region.
- Soooowhy use a scientific name?
30 Canis domesticus
Canis lupus Closely related organisms
are often in the same genus, also giving clues
about their names
31Felis concolor Which is the genus? The species?
32