Water Purification

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Water Purification
Presentation to Emerging Technologies
Committee US Chamber of Commerce October
2007 Ian Barbour General Manager Dow Water
Solutions
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When the well is dry, we learn the worth of
water. Benjamin Franklin
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Freshwater statistics

• 75 of the worlds surface is water
• Only 3 of all water on earth is fresh water
• 2/3 icecaps/glaciers
• 1/3 ground/surface water
• 41 of the Earths population (2.3 billion) live
  in water-stressed areas 3.5 billion by 2025
• 1.2 billion people live without clean, piped
  water (WHO)
• 2.5 billion live without basic sanitation
• 10 million die annually from waterborne disease

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If we could produce fresh water from salt water
at a low cost, that would indeed be a great
service to humanity, and would dwarf any other
scientific accomplishment.
John F. Kennedy, 1962 35th President of the
United States
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Cost of producing potable water
US/kgal
US/acre-ft
US/m3
9.20
2.43
3,000
7.67
2.03
2,500
1.62
6.14
2,000
4.60
1.21
1,500
3.07
0.81
1,000
1.53
0.40
500
0
1980
1990
2000
2001
2002
Israel
Singapore
Used with permission of the Affordable
Desalination Coalition
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Affordable desalination
330,000 cubic meters per day 82 Olympic sized
swimming pools
Ashkelon, Israel
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Filtration spectrum

Ionic Range Molecular Range
Macro Molecular Range Micro Particle
Range Macro Particle Range
Angstrom Units (Log Scale)
1
10
100
1000
104
106
105
0.001
0.01
1.0
10
100
0.0001
0.1
Micrometers (Log Scale)
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Membrane technologies

• Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes will remove most
  dissolved organic and inorganic salts and
  compounds, pathogens, virus etc.
• Nanofiltration (NF) membranes can be used to
  selectively remove organics such as color and
  pesticides whilst allowing some passage of
  desirable inorganic salts (Mery sur Oise)
• Ultrafiltration (UF) and Microfiltration (MF)
  membranes can be used to remove particles,
  cryptospiridium, higher molecular weight organics
• Any of the above can be used in series or in
  parallel

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Large UF system
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Rest of the system
Reverse Osmosis
Electro-deionization
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Waste water recovery

• Location Singapore
• Purpose Supply low
• cost, high-grade
• industrial water from
• tertiary-treated waste
• water
• Comparative
• Performance 86
• recovery of waste
• water in Singapore
• is now an industry
• benchmark

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Challenges and Solutions

• Increasing energy costs
• Environmental footprint
• Global warming greenhouse gas emissions from
  fossil fuel power plants
• Brine concentrate management
• Sustainable energy (wind, solar)
• Zero liquid discharge technologies
• Conservation and re-use

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Membrane Technologies

• Are increasingly used in locations that have
  access to sources of saline, polluted or other
  non potable water
• Are used in industrialized regions to raise water
  quality to public demands
• Are used in large centralized plants, small
  community plants and in individual homes
• Will enable wide spread use of waste water
  recycling
• Are used in emergency relief where normal
  supplies are compromised
• RO can be co-located with power plants to provide
  base load where load factors vary
• Are used to re-charge depleted aquifers to
  provide storage and strategic reserves

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• Dow Water Solutions
• ADSORBSIA Arsenic Removal Media
• DOWEX Ion Exchange Resins
• FILMTEC Membranes
• OMEXELL Electrodeionization
• OMEXELL Ultrafiltration
• www.dowwatersolutions.com

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