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Title: Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program Disaster Anniversary Training


1
Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training
ProgramDisaster Anniversary Training
2
Objectives
  • After training, participants will be able to
  • Identify the key concepts of disaster
    anniversaries.
  • Describe individual and community reactions.
  • Apply individual and community intervention
    strategies.
  • Identify at-risk populations and intervention
    strategies.

3
Objectives (cont.)
  • After training, participants will be able to
    (cont.)
  • Identify ways to partner with the community.
  • Recognize the importance of culturally competent
    strategies.
  • Apply strategies for managing their own stress.
  • Organize and implement a plan for media
    messaging.

4
Table of Contents
  • Section 1Disaster Anniversaries
  • Section 2Disaster Anniversary Reactions
  • Section 3Intervention Strategies
  • Section 4Partnering with the Community
  • Section 5Stress Management
  • Section 6Media Messaging and Risk Communications

5
Section 1Disaster Anniversaries
  • Key Concepts
  • Typical Phases of Disaster

6
Key Concepts
  • Disaster anniversaries are a time to
  • Take stock of the accomplishments of the CCP.
  • Reassess the needs of the community.
  • Enhance and strengthen connections with community
    stakeholders.
  • Continue creating educational materials and
    community partnerships that promote resilience
    and leave a legacy.

7
Typical Phases of Disaster
Adapted from the Center for Mental Health
Services, 2000.
8
Section 2Disaster Anniversary Reactions
  • Key Concepts
  • Anniversary Triggers
  • Individual Reactions
  • Community Reactions

9
Key Concepts
  • While every disaster is different, there are some
    disaster reactions, related to the anniversary,
    that can be anticipated.
  • As the disaster anniversary approaches, there may
    be an increase in the distressing reactions of
    some survivors.
  • There will be a need for updated educational
    materials and media messages related to the
    disaster anniversary.

10
Key Concepts (cont.)
  • Anniversaries are a time to mourn losses
    associated with the disaster.
  • Anniversaries are a time to reflect.
  • Anniversaries allow individuals and communities
    to benchmark resilience and healing.
  • Each community may perceive the anniversary
    differently.
  • Each community will decide how it will observe
    the anniversary.

11
Anniversary Triggers
  • Disaster anniversaries often trigger reactions in
    survivors.
  • Typical triggers include
  • Media accounts of the anniversary.
  • Seasonal changes that remind survivors of the
    disaster.
  • Personal events, such as birthdays, that
    correspond with the disaster anniversary.
  • Personal losses associated with the disaster,
    including loved ones, pets, and property.

12
Anniversary Triggers (cont.)
  • Triggers
  • May increase in frequency around the time of the
    disaster anniversary.
  • Can occur unexpectedly.
  • Are unique to each person.
  • May not be easily recognized.
  • Can ebb and flow.
  • Tend to occur more often when stress is present.

13
Individual Reactions
  • Thoughts, feelings, dreams, and memories
    associated with the event
  • Grief and sadness
  • Fear and anxiety
  • Frustration, anger, and guilt

14
Individual Reactions (cont.)
  • Avoidance
  • Remembrance
  • Reflection
  • Restlessness
  • Complicated bereavement
  • Gallows humor

15
Individual Reactions (cont.)
  • Increased readiness and desire for group crisis
    counseling among survivors.
  • Deepened anxiety or depression, acting as
    limitations, as the new reality of life after
    disaster sets in.
  • While every disaster is different, there are some
    anniversary reactions that can be anticipated
  • Anger around the limits of governmental
    assistance and insurance (e.g., the system,
    red tape)
  • Increased substance use
  • Evolution of unaddressed trauma into diagnosable
    conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder
    or depression
  • Stress from financial hardship as resources run
    out

16
Community Reactions
  • Increased number of preparedness activities
  • Resurgence of media and political attention
  • Community solidarity or discord
  • Increased demand for CCP services because the
    anniversary is triggering reactions

17
Section 3Intervention Strategies
  • Intervention Strategies for Individuals
  • Intervention Strategies for the Community
  • Intervention Strategies for Special Populations

18
Intervention Strategies for Individuals
  • Educate survivors about common reactions.
  • Acknowledge and discuss unresolved issues and
    feelings.
  • Explain how the anniversary can be an opportunity
    for healing.
  • Help survivors reflect on life changes.
  • Use the anniversary as a catalyst to engage
    survivors in practical problem solving.
  • Provide educational materials for survivors.

19
Intervention Strategies for the Community
  • Plan for increased demand for services.
  • Schedule more frequent staff meetings to engage
    in anniversary planning, and provide staff
    support.
  • Participate in community gatherings and rituals
    by maintaining a compassionate presence at these
    events.
  • Prepare press kits and media messaging.
  • Create a calendar of events for staff, survivors,
    and media.

20
Intervention Strategies for the Community (cont.)
  • Reestablish contact with community groups and
    leaders.
  • Prepare and distribute public educational
    materials that address anniversary reactions and
    triggers.
  • Increase distribution of informational materials
    to community groups and partners.
  • Ensure that the helpline has added capacity.

21
Intervention Strategies for Special Populations
  • Children and youth
  • Anticipate reminders, and help children recognize
    and cope with them.
  • Let children acknowledge the anniversary in their
    own way.
  • Be honest with children about adult reactions and
    concerns.
  • Limit exposure to traumatic images in the media.
  • Provide opportunities for children to make
    positive differences in their lives and
    communities.
  • Discuss concerns about children with teachers and
    other support professionals.

22
Intervention Strategies for Special Populations
(cont.)
  • Other populations
  • Target materials for identified special
    populations in the community.
  • Educate caregivers on anniversary reactions.
  • Encourage and facilitate participation in
    community anniversary events.

23
Section 4Partnering with the Community
  • Typical Partners
  • Community Partnerships
  • Cultural Competence Strategies

24
Typical Partners
25
Community Partnerships
  • Engage new and existing partners to assist with
    the following community intervention strategies
  • Take part in community-planned rituals.
  • Help survivors take control and plan events.
  • Help survivors put feelings into artifacts.
  • Encourage survivors to reinvest in the community.

26
Community Partnerships (cont.)
  • Engage new and existing partners to assist with
    the following community intervention strategies
  • Help survivors develop new goals.
  • Strategize around media messaging.
  • Add capacity to the helpline.
  • Ensure that cultural
  • diversity issues
  • are addressed.

27
Cultural Competence Strategies
  • Recognize the importance of culture, and respect
    diversity.
  • Recognize the role of help-seeking, customs,
    traditions, and support networks.
  • Communicate with cultural brokers, especially in
    relation to anniversary reactions and rituals.

28
Cultural Competence Strategies (cont.)
  • Update the program profile of the cultural
    composition of the community.
  • Ensure that services are accessible, appropriate,
    and equitable.
  • Reassess and reevaluate the cultural competence
    of programming and staff.
  • Ensure that educational and informational
    materials are culturally competent.

29
Section 5Stress Management
  • Stress Management for Staff
  • Definition of Stress
  • Typical Stressors for Crisis Counselors
  • Warning Signs of Excessive Stress
  • Organizational Approaches to Stress Management
  • Individual Approaches to Stress Management

30
Stress Management for Staff
  • Staff members may be survivors themselves.
  • Everyone who experiences a disaster is affected
    by it in some way.
  • Stress reactions are likely to increase for staff
    and community partners
  • Staff have been dealing with the disaster
    aftermath for a long period of time.
  • Staff may be overworked.

31
Definition of Stress
  • Stress is a response to a challenge or threat.
  • Stress is tension, strain, or pressure that
    requires people to use, adapt, or develop new
    coping skills.
  • Stress can be positive or negative.
  • Perception plays a key role in interpreting
    stressful situations.
  • An optimum level of stress can act as a
    motivational force.

32
Typical Stressors for Crisis Counselors
  • Repeatedly hearing survivors stories
  • Approaching survivors who may reject your help
  • Feeling overwhelmed by the sadness of others
  • Feeling helpless to alleviate the pain of others
  • Experiencing trigger events
  • Experiencing anniversary reactions
  • Working long hours
  • Personal experience with the disaster

33
Warning Signs of Excessive Stress
  • You cannot shake distressing images from your
    mind.
  • Work consumes you at the expense of family and
    friends.
  • You experience an increase in substance use or
    abuse.
  • You are excessively irritable and impatient.
  • You exhibit other serious or severe reactions.

34
Organizational Approaches to Stress Management
  • A clearly defined management and supervision
    structure
  • Clearly defined purpose and goals that are
    articulated frequently
  • Functionally defined roles that are reinforced
    through effective supervision
  • Sound clinical consultation, support, and
    supervision
  • Supportive peer relationships
  • An active stress management program
  • A comprehensive training plan

35
Individual Approaches to Stress Management
  • Self-awareness
  • Management of workload
  • Balanced lifestyle
  • Stress reduction techniques
  • Effective supervision and training
  • Participation in rituals
  • Activity
  • Update your personal stress management plan.

36
Section 6Media Messaging and Risk Communications
  • Reassessing the Media Plan
  • Developing Talking Points
  • Reconnecting with Media Partners

37
Reassessing the Media Plan
  • Convene a meeting of the CCP leadership and other
    partners to
  • Identify spokespeople with expertise in the field
    of disaster behavioral health and experience in
    dealing with the media.
  • Develop simple talking points that reflect the
    goals and services of the CCP
  • Develop a press kit with information on the CCP
    and materials related to disaster anniversary
    issues.

38
Developing Talking Points
  • Important things to consider when developing
    talking points
  • Services remain available through the CCP.
  • The CCP provides information on typical disaster
    anniversary reactions.
  • The CCP emphasizes resilience and hope.
  • Cultural diversity is respected.
  • If appropriate, and while maintaining
    confidentiality, highlight stories of people who
    have been helped by the CCP.

39
Reconnecting with Media Partners
  • Using pre-identified spokespeople
  • Promote a shared understanding of the anniversary
    message.
  • Deliver a clear message regarding anniversary
    issues and the CCP.
  • Promote the services of the CCP, such as the
    helpline, ongoing individual and group crisis
    counseling, public education, and assessment and
    referral.
  • Share information on typical disaster anniversary
    reactions and important talking points.

40
SAMHSA Disaster Technical Assistance Center
  • SAMHSA DTAC supports SAMHSAs efforts to prepare
    States, Territories, and local entities to
    deliver an effective behavioral health response
    during disasters.
  • Toll-Free 1-800-308-3515
  • E-Mail dtac_at_esi-dc.com
  • Web www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/dtac
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