Entry Task

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Entry Task

• You will need folder, book, paper, pen/pencil
• Look at the map on pg. 71. Using your map from
  Friday, determine which present day countries
  were parts of the following empires
• The Ottoman Empire
• The Safavid Empire
• The Mughal Empire
• Now compare the geography of the 3 empires.
  Which has the most coastline? Which is the most
  mountainous?

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The Muslim World Expands

• 1300-1700

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What should I learn today?

• Basic understanding of Islam
• Understanding of 3 Muslim Empires
• Connections to Today

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What does it mean to be a Muslim?

• Muslims (or Moslems) are followers of Islam
• Islam is one of the worlds 3 main monotheistic
  religions (along with Christianity and Judaism)
• Monotheistic belief in one god
• Dominant religion in the Middle East, North
  Africa and parts of Asia
• Over 1.5 billion worldwide
• Two major divisions Sunni and Shia

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Important Facts

• God Allah, means god in Arabic
• Holy Book Quran/Koran
• Place of Worship Mosque
• Holy Cities Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
• Important People Prophet Muhammad
• Also Abraham, Moses and Jesus

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5 Pillars of Islam

• Belief in one god, Allah, and his prophet,
  Muhammad
• Daily prayers, 5 times each day
• Giving to those in need based on personal wealth
• Purification through fasting during the month of
  Ramadan
• The Hajj, a pilgrimage to the city of Mecca

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Empire Builders in the Middle East and South Asia

• The Ottomans
• The Safavids
• The Mughals

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The Ottoman Empire Turks Move into Byzantium

• Anatolian Turks ghazis, warriors for Islam
• Formed military societies and invaded the
  territories of infidels, people who did not
  believe in Islam
• Osman successful ghazi, his followers were
  called Ottomans
• Success and expansion until stopped by Timur the
  Lame

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The Ottoman Empire Powerful Sultans Spur
Dramatic Expansion

• 4 powerful sultans led Ottoman Empire until 1566
• 1453 took Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey)
  under Mehmed the Conqueror
• 1514 defeated the Safavid under Selim the Grim
• Continued on to take Mecca, Medina and Cairo

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The Ottoman Empire Suleyman

• Suleyman the Lawgiver and Suleyman the
  Magnificent
• Continued to expand the empire into Central
  Europe, North Africa and Central Asia
• Structured social organization law code,
  simplified taxes and government
• Tolerance of religious and cultural differences

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Mosque of Suleyman
Istanbul, Turkey
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The Ottoman Empire The Empire Declines Slowly

• Pattern of gaining power and holding power
• The practices of the sultans led to weak leaders
  and the decline of the empire
• Suleyman killed his most capable son and sent
  another into exile
• Selim II inherited the throne

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Building the Safavid Empire

• Major influences Persians, Ottomans, Arabs
• Located between the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal
  Empire
• Strong military force
• Leader Ismail became a religious tyrant and
  controlled Persia, (now Iran) and took the
  ancient Persian title of shah (meaning king)
• Defeated by Ottomans in 1514, set present day
  border between Iraq and Iran

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The Safavid Empire Golden Age

• Shah Abbas, also called Abbas the Great, helped
  create a Safavid culture that drew from the best
  of the Ottoman, Persian and Arab worlds
• Reforms and respect for military and civilian
  life
• Tolerance for other religions and cultures
• Encouraged industry, trade and art exchanges with
  European nations
• Built a beautiful new capital at Esfahan with
  influences from all over Europe and Asia

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Esfahan, Iran
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The Safavid Empire The Dynasty Declines Quickly

• Story is similar to that of the Ottomans
• Shah Abbas killed or blinded his ablest sons
• The pampered young prince Safi led the empire
  into decline
• In 1736 Nadir Shah Asfar once again created an
  expanded empire but was assassinated in 1747 and
  the empire fell apart

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The Mughal Empire Early History

• History of being divided
• Delhi destroyed by Timur the Lame in 1398
• 1494 Babur moved south and laid the foundation
  for the Mughal Empire

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The Mughal Empire Akbars Golden age

• Akbar, means Greatest One
• Ruled with wisdom and tolerance from 1556-1605
• A monarch should ever be intent on conquest,
  otherwise his neighbors rise in arms against
  him.
• With one neighbor, discuss what you think this
  means

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The Mughal EmpireAkbars Golden Age

• Combination of military power and political
  wisdom
• Unified a land of at least 100 million people
• Ruled with tolerance, allowed religious freedom
  and allowed all to rise in political power
• Cultural blending affected language, art,
  education, architecture and politics

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The Mughal Empire Akbars Successors

• Jahangir the son of Akbar left the political
  power in the hands of his wife, the Persian
  princess Nur Jahan
• Shah Jahan killed all possible rivals, built the
  Taj Mahal after the death of his wife, Mumtaz
  Mahal
• Taxes supported beautiful buildings but people
  suffered

• Aurangzeb ruled oppressively and lost power

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The Mughal Empire Decline and Decay

• Aurangzeb drained the empires resources
• People had little loyalty to him
• Over 2 million died in famine
• Gave Bombay to the British in 1661
• Empire became less and less united after his
  death
• Next conquerors Europeans