Irvind S. Ghai

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VOP Anywhere Everywhere
Presented by
Irvind S. Ghai Director, VOP Asia-Pacific Broadban
d Communications Group, Texas Instruments
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VOP Anywhere Everywhere .

• Background Evolution
• Product Deployment
• Industry Trends
• Solution Differentiators
• Summary

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VOP Anywhere Everywhere .

• Background Evolution
• Product Deployment
• Industry Trends
• Solution Differentiators
• Summary

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The Evolution of VoIP
Wi-Fi IP Phones
Wi-Fi
WAN
VoIP gateway/PBX
Voice gateway
PSTN
MOBILE Wi-Fi IP Phones
Analog phones
Cellular
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State of the VoIP Union

• Worldwide broadband usage increasing
• Availability of consumer VoIP services
• VoIP infrastructure in place
• Spotlight on VoIP regulation

250 200 150 100 50 0
249.0
220.2
195.9
169.1
133.5
In Millions
99.4
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
In-Stat/MDR, 2003
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Technology Advances Enable VoIP Market
Micro Processor
DSP Micro Processor Subsystem
DSP
FPGA
Tomorrow 1 Chip For VoIP And W-iFi
Single-Chip VoIP Processor
Line Codec
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet MAC/Phy
Ethernet MAC/Phy
2002 3 Chips
2004 1 Chip
Tomorrow 1 Chip
2000 6 Chips
BOM
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Integration of VoIP
with Broadband, Wireless and Consumer Electronics
Anywhere
Any network
True mobility. With VoIP, thats now possible.
Any device
Anytime
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What You Need to Know About TI and VoIP

• 80 market share
• Over 200 customers
• Extensive history
• Expertise in DSP Telogy Networks
• Solutions for all VoIP applications
• Complete broadband portfolio
• Voice over cable, DSL, Wi-Fi

IP phone
Residential gateway
Enterprise gateway
Infrastructure equipment
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VOP Anywhere Everywhere .

• Background Evolution
• Product Deployment
• Industry Trends
• Solution Differentiators
• Summary

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Total VoIP IC RevenueForecast 2002-2007
120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 10,000
0
160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,00
0 40,000 20,000 0
US in Thousands
Ports in Thousands
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Shipments (Units - K)
Revenue (US - K)
Source In-Stat/MDR 11/03
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Installed Port Base Carriers

• Huawei has 8M installed ports, ZTE has 0.5M,
  UTSI data is not available
• Data Source Dittberner

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VOP Anywhere Everywhere .

• Background Evolution
• Product Deployment
• Industry Trends
• Solution Differentiators
• Summary

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VoIP Market Trends 5 years
Infrastructure
Enterprise
Voice

• 40 of enterprise phones are IP phones
• 60 of enterprises have a VoIP gateway
• 70 of PBXs will be IP-based

• 40 of inter-office voice will be packet
• Over 120M VoIP ports will ship annually

Voice
Consumer
Services Revenue Payback 300/Subscriber 6-18
months Source Nortel, VON-E 2004

• Over 10M consumer handsets with VoWLAN

• 15 of households will regularly use VoIP

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VoIP Trends

• Security
• SRTP, IPSEC viable candidates going forward
• Requires more processing power per channel
• Wireless LAN
• Business office applications
• Consumer opportunities in Asia/Japan
• Issues remaining
• Roaming impact
• QOS
• Merging of wireless IP and cell phones

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VoIP Trends

• Codecs
• Migration to common codecs for wireline and
  wireless systems
• Wideband AMR is both a 3G and ITU standard
• EVRC and SMV-capable gateways to remove
  transcoding requirements
• Video
• Simple snapshot features to evolve into full
  motion
• Business driver -- videoconferencing on the phone
• Consumer rollout is tied to cellular rollout
• Gateways need to transcode Internet standards to
  cellular standards

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VOP Anywhere Everywhere .

• Background Evolution
• Product Deployment
• Industry Trends
• Solution Differentiators
• Quality Monitoring
• Handling Echo
• Summary

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Quality Monitoring for VoIP

• What happens if it doesnt sound good.
• Telephony tools support production lab testing
• LAN, packet network tools dont capture voice QoS
  problems
• Results hurt
• Market penetration
• Network managers ability to support service
• Carriers ability to assure quality
• Manufacturers ability to defend products

QoS
Voice
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Causes of Quality Degradation

• Delay

• Causes processing, accumulation, network
  transmission
• Mitigation efficient gateway design, network
  design

Echo

• Causes poor cancellation solution
• Mitigation robust canceller design, network
  planning

Jitter

• Causes packet network behavior
• Mitigation adaptive buffer management

Packet Loss

• Causes jitter buffer overload, bit error,
  processing overload
• Mitigation PLC algorithms in vocoder
  implementation

Equipment Faults/Failures

• Causes power outages, equipment performance
  issues
• Mitigation fault monitoring reports, alarms

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Voice Quality Monitoring

• Passive Monitoring
• Non-Intrusive
• Metrics calculation on live calls

• Active Monitoring
• Intrusive
• Metrics calculation on test calls

Port Mirroring
QoS Monitoring Station
Probe
Switch
Reportingprotocol
Gateway
IP Phone
Simulated traffic
Phone
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Passive Monitoring
QoS Monitor
QoS Domain
QoS Domain
VoIP End-Point
DSP
RTCP
EP
EmbeddedSoftware
EP
MonitoringSoftware
DSP
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Passive Monitoring
PBX
Phone
Gateway
Reports
RTP
OfficeNetwork
Phone
Gateway
PC
IP phone
PacketNetwork
Phone
Gateway
PBX
NMS
Phone
BB modem
Call server
OfficeNetwork
PC
IP phone
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• Comprehensive QoS monitoring and management is
  required for VoIP
• Techniques and standards exist
• VoIP equipment needs to include monitoring and
  measurement elements
• Comprehensive statistics must be available in
  gateways and IP phones
• Embedded passive monitoring probes and RTCP are a
  must

QoS
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Echo

• Two major types of echo problems

Line Echo
Line echo is typically associated with VoIP
gateways
Acoustic Echo
Acoustic echo is typically associated with IP
phones
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Line Echo Source
Echo reflected by the hybrid located in a
residential GW
Gateway
Gateway
IP Network
2 to 4 wire hybrids echo is created in the near
end gateway largely due to dissipation in the
hybrid. This echo would be transmitted to the
far end without a quality Line Echo Canceller
(LEC).
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Important EC Attributes

• Convergence time (initial/updates) time to
  train on the echo
• Magnitude of the combined loss
• Convergence on narrowband signals (e.g., DTMF
  tones)
• Double talk detection
• Performance with high background noise can
  cause instability and loss of echo cancellation

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TI Line EC Testing

• Passed ATTs Voice Quality Assessment Lab
  certification
• Over 140 test cases
• Automated G.168 testing (head acoustics
  equipment)
• Manual testing (TAS, GLCom, various hybrid models)

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Line Echo Conclusions

• Line Echo Cancellation (LEC) is a difficult
  problem to solve
• TIs LEC offers world-class performance
• TIs LEC is widely deployed and field-hardened
  with many years of experience

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Acoustic Echo Cancellation
Acoustic Echo

• Acoustic Echo
• Echo from sound that comes out of a speaker and
  is reflected back to the microphone
• Nature of Acoustic Echo
• Changing echo path (people come in/out of room,
  move around)
• Dependent on factors like room size (affects tail
  length)
• Frequency dependence of speaker and microphone
• Environmental Challenges
• VoIP network delay and jitter
• Competing for processor resources in VoIP
  solution

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Canceling Acoustic Echo
Acoustic Echo Cancellation

• Need Adaptive Filtering
• Estimating/predicting echo
• Removing echo
• Use Nonlinear Processing (NLP) to cancel residual
  echo and to generate comfort noise (CNG)
• Required for Full Duplex Speakerphone (FDX)

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Design Elements

• Quality enclosure design factors
• Speaker and microphone
• Selection
• Location
• Mounting
• Frequency response
• Quality analog front end components
• A-to-D and D-to-A components
• Programmable gain amplifier
• Quality of workmanship
• Ability to replicate products in the
  manufacturing process

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Speakerphone Challenges

• Background noise
• Unbalanced speech levels
• Doubletalk
• Echo path changes
• Non-linear distortion (speaker microphone)
• Mechanical problems
• Electric coupling
• Speaker volume

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Software Enhancement Methods

• The following software techniques can be used to
  optimize speakerphone performance
• Automatic gain control
• Automatic level control
• Noise reduction
• Speaker equalization
• Comfort noise generation
• Software techniques cannot guarantee true
  full-duplex operation with a bad enclosure design!

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Acoustic Echo Conclusions

• Full-duplex speakerphone performance will be hard
  to accomplish unless the AEC can provide stable
  and steady convergence under a variety of
  environmental conditions
• A quality enclosure and the selection of quality
  analog front end components are key to
  full-duplex IP speakerphone performance
• TI provides world-class AEC and related subject
  matter expertise designed to help customers
  succeed in IP speakerphone applications

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VOP Anywhere Everywhere .

• Background Evolution
• Product Deployment
• Industry Trends
• Solution Differentiators
• Summary

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TI Vision Ubiquitous VoIP

• VoIP is more than a replacement for traditional
  telephony
• VoIP capability can be incorporated into any
  connected device
• VoIP is changing how and where we communicate

Reduced Cost
The future called. TI answered.