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CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS: ANALYSIS AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE REVISED MARPOL ANNEX VI

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CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS: ANALYSIS AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE REVISED MARPOL ANNEX VI Presented by capt. Evaldas Zacharevi ius, director of Lithuanian Maritime ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS: ANALYSIS AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE REVISED MARPOL ANNEX VI


1
CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS ANALYSIS AND
ENFORCEMENT OF THE REVISED MARPOL ANNEX VI
  • Presented by capt. Evaldas Zacharevicius,
    director of Lithuanian Maritime Safety
    Administration

Quality Shipping XXI Century Standard. Safety
and Pollution Prevention Prospects We Face.
Saint-Petersburg 21 and 22 October 2009.
2
THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
  • The shipping industry burns 300 million tons of
    bunker fuel per year.
  • Ships generate 30 percent of the worlds
    smog-forming emissions.
  • Bunker fuel burned by ships is 1,000 times
    dirtier than highway diesel used by trucks and
    buses.
  • Ship engines are far dirtier than on-road engines
    due to lack of strong regulation.

3
HUMAN HEALTH
  • Ship exhaust gases contains harmful air toxics,
    that cause cancer, respiratory illness and
    premature death.
  • Ship air pollution often harms people who live
    near ports.
  • More than one in 10 children has asthma in the
    worlds biggest port cities.
  • Near the big ports cancer risk due to breathing
    air toxics is five times higher than normal.

4
CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Ships burn tons of fuel per hour, generating
    large volumes of global warming gases that
    contribute to climate change.
  • Researches suspect, that the black soot from ship
    smokestacks settle on polar ice sheets and help
    cause melting.
  • The worlds shipping fleet generates about four
    percent of the worlds carbon dioxide emissions.

5
  • INTERNATIONAL ACTION
  • In 1973, an International conference of the IMO
    adopted the International Convention for the
    Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships
    (MARPOL).
  • In 1997, the IMO agreed to MARPOL Annex VI, a
    global treaty to reduce air emissions from ships.
  • Annex VI entered into effect on May 19, 2005
    (Internationally). 

6
IMPLEMENTATION OF REQUIREMENTS OF FIRST EDITION
?ARPOL 73/78 ANNEX VI IN LITHUANIA
  • 13 December 2005 Entry into force date of ANNEX
    VI for Lithuania
  • Limits for sulphur content were set to
  • 1,5 for SECA areas
  • 4,5 for other areas
  • HFO sulphur content in the area of the Baltic sea
    amounted from 1,9 to 2,2 on average.
  • Average sulphur content of fuel used by
    Lithuanian ferries amounted from 2,2 to 2,7.
  • Therefore, limitations of fuels sulphur content
    in SECA areas, after the entry into force of
    Annex VI, were applied only for vessels, which
    used HFO.

7
IMPLEMENTATION OF REQUIREMENTS OF FIRST EDITION
OF ?ARPOL 73/78 ANNEX VI IN LITHUANIA
  • Use of low-sulphur content fuel (LSFO) instead
    of high-sulphur content fuel (HSFO) for engines
    of vessels, originated some related problems,
    which were successfully solved by Lithuanian
    shipowners
  • Increasing of fuels prices
  • Investments in applicability of fuel system to
    work in accordance with requirements of 14th
    regulation
  • Efforts to safeguard the resources of engines
  • Limitations related with bunkering of vessels.

8
ADOPTION OF THE REVISED ANNEX VI OF MARPOL 73/78
  • Following the entry into force of MARPOL Annex VI
    on 19 May 2005, MEPC 53 (July 2005) agreed to the
    revision of MARPOL Annex VI and the NOx Technical
    Code with the aim of significantly strengthening
    the emission limits in light of technological
    improvements and implementation experience.
  • IMO Sub-Committee on Bulk Liquids and Gases, as
    instructed by MEPC,prepared the draft amendments
    to MARPOL Annex VI.
  • As a result, MEPC 58 (October 2008) considered
    and adopted the revised MARPOL Annex VI and the
    NOx Technical Code.

9
REVISED ?ARPOL 73/78 ANNEX VI
1st July 2010 entry into force of revised ANNEX
VI Sulphur limit for SECA 1
19 May 2005 ANNEX VI enters into force
internationally Global sulphur limit 4.5
1 January 2015 Sulphur limit for SECA 0,1
2005 2006 2010 2012 2015 2020
13 December 2005 MARPOL ANNEX VI enters into
force for Lithuania
19 May 2006 Sulphur limit for SECA 1.5
1 January 2012 Global sulphur limit 3.5
1 January 2020 Global sulphur limit 0.5
10
REVISED ?ARPOL 73/78 ANNEX VI LITHUANIAN CASE
  • Most topical problems which shipowners will face
    with regard of future changes, are increasing
    financial expenses due to the fulfillment of new
    sulphur requirements.
  • Solutions for reduction of such costs which were
    applied by Lithuanian shipowners
  • plugging of vessel to the ashore electricity
  • using of silicone paint for covering the hull of
    vessel.

11
COST REDUCTION BY PLUGGING OF VESSEL TO THE
ASHORE ELECTRICITY
  • Attempts of Lithuanian shipowners to plug the
    vessel to ashore electricity in Klaipeda port
  • No detailed calculations were carried on,
    however experience shows, that this method is
    financialy justifiable, in particular after entry
    into force of revised Marpol Annex VI.
  • The existing capacity of electricity supply in
    Klaipeda port is sufficient only for few ships,
    therefore for the wide-scale use of such method
    additional transformer station is necessary.

12
USE OF SILICONE PAINT FOR COVERING THE HULL OF
VESSEL (1)
  • The hull of vessel is covered by special
    silicone tissue along which water slides during
    the voyage of vessel.
  • Advantages of use of silicon paint
  • The silicone paint helps to save a big quantity
    of fuel for vessel.
  • Drawbacks
  • The method is quite expensive to cover the hull
    of one vessel (for example, vessel Lisco Optima
    gross tonnage 25206 tones) by silicone paint
    costs about 0,3 million Euro.
  • The vessel has always to be kept in working
    condition. Otherwise slimes or wracks will grow
    on the bottom of vessel very quickly.

13
USE OF SILICONE PAINT FOR COVERING THE HULL OF
VESSEL (2)
  • When the vessel is on dock, the hull has to be
    affected by sun as less as possible, because
    sunbeams stimulates growing of slimes or wracks
    on hull as well.
  • In the case of the need to cover the hull of
    vessel by new silicone tissue, it is necessary to
    remove away the old paint tissue, because
    otherwise this new tissue will not be held on the
    hull of vessel. Old paint tissue can be removed
    very hardly and this process takes a lot of time.
  • Calculations revealed, that notwithstanding to
    all aforementioned drawbacks, this method
    entirely justifies all expenditures related to
    the application of the silicon paint on the hull
    of vessel and on the end of the day allows to
    save money.

14
CONCLUSIONS
  • Although concerns about the cost implications of
    the switch to low sulphur fuels are raised,
    experience shows, that in light of technological
    improvements, cost effective solutions with
    regard to use of low sulphur fuels are available
    for the industry.
  • Efforts made by IMO with regard to reduction of
    air pollution are based on scientific
    information, therefore revised Annex I of Marpol
    73/78 undoubtedly will have positive influence on
    atmosphere environment and health of people,
    especially these people who live on coasts of
    port towns and in coastal areas.
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