Child labour in Vietnam

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Child labour in Vietnam

• By Lisa Bang

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Child labour in vietnam
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What is Child labour?

• Child labour is a source of income for poor
  families
• Forces young children to go to work to earn money
  for the families poverty.
• Some families depend on the income that they
  receive from child labour
• Most do not receive a wage instead are receiving
  food and materials as money.

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Child labour

• Child labour has been limited in Vietnam during
  the pass years
• still remains as a problem mainly in rural areas
• About 4 million working children has been
  decreased to about 1.6 million

• Studies indicate that child labour is not
  considered the major problem of Vietnam towards
  6-10 year old children
• Child labour has fallen dramatically during most
  recent years.
• Working conditions in rural areas has been
  improved,

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Child labour

• Although the problem brought on by child labour
  is fairly small, the child labourers are still at
  risk of becoming street children or of being
  placed at moral hazard.
• Child labour in rural areas has a greater impact
  on girls than boys.
• Part-time labour is available for the child
  labourers.

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Child labour

• children have to go to school and to work
  continuously
• work is not violating the regulations of the
  Labour Code related to juvenile labour
• Child labour is mostly found in households and
  small enterprise sectors mainly in rural areas.
• A major cause of child labour in Vietnam is due
  to poverty.

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Child labour

• Only a small amount of child labour receives a
  wage or is self-employed.
• A small number of children are employed in the
  industry/construction and services sectors.
• There is no evidence of child labour in the
  export-oriented manufacturing industries.

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Child labour

• need of National Strategy on Poverty Alleviation
• focus on child labour and school attendance
• have not begun the demographic transition to
  slower population growth
• did not experienced significant rises in income
  per head.

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Child labour

• greatest deductions in child labour came in
  income expenditure groups 3 and 4
• reflects the influence of rising incomes in
  recent years in decreasing child labour.
• child labour is declining more rapidly among
  boys, than child labour among girls.

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Child labour

• level of gender bias is small compared with most
  other Asian countries
• need to be analyze to reasure girls benfit are
  completely from empowered economic conditions
  that lead to further decreasing in child labour.

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Child labour

• proportion is small
• indicates enforcement of the Labour Code will
  have to continue to be a priority goal.
• Vietnamese laws on child labour conform to
  international standards and provide a
  comprehensive framework for the regulation of
  child labour.

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Child labour

• no children with the age of 6-10 employed in the
  occupations hazardous jobs
• the incidence of child labour is greatest among
  the poor
• working children can be found in all income
  groups.
• millions of children are involoved in hazardous
  and dangerous work that damages their
  development.

• must be carefully monitored as industrial
  employment increases as self-employment in the
  service sector,
• could place children at risk of moral hazards in
  the future.
• Hazardous work is most common for the 15-17 age
  group in the present
• There are less children workers with the age
  around 11-14

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Working conditions

• Although working conditions and child labour has
  improved. Some children are still needed to work
  and earn money for his/her family.
• Some jobs require very hazardous, dangerous
  chemicals/objects, which will be harmful to young
  children
• this will bring a major risk of disability to the
  child
• Will bring Difficulty of movements in the future

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Working conditions

• A number of child are doing illegal and hazardous
  workwhich is not permitted. Theres children are
  mostly around age 15-17, yet 11-14 years old are
  also following the footsteps of illegal
  legislation, which is an bad issue.

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Education-Partime

• These children are to work after school, which
  gives them somewhat of education for better
  knowledge.
• This is only allowed for child with an age of
  11-14
• Does not exceed 4 hours per day.
• These types of work are strongly encouraged to
  children
• This will provide the child somewhat of
  knowledge/skill for future careers.

• if the hours are excessive, it may reduce the
  benefits of education
• Must be planned, carefully analyzed, observed by
  the government.
• The biggest rise is marginal part-time child
  workers
• For groups that are around the age of 15-17
• groups are encouraged to go to school
• Not able to go to school due to certain
  circumstances

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Education-Partime

• School enrolments are now rising in lower and
  upper secondary schools.
• Vietnam always had very high participation in
  basic primary education.
• The result of the amount has increased the school
  attendance.
• Part-time work stops students from coming to
  school.
• Need to drop out of school in order to work in
  the economy.

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Action

• Save the Children is working to end exploitative
  child labour.
• If children were banned from mainstream jobs,
  many would turn to illegal, dangerous work.
• Save the Children supports projects that raise
  family income so children aren't forced to work.
• Where children do work, we try to protect them
  from exploitation and find ways they can combine
  work with education.

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Action

• Save the Children believes it is vital that
  children are protected from dangerous and
  exploitative work. We are helping children by
• Tackling poverty that pushes children into work.

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Action

• Consulting children and communities to find ways
  of taking children out of highly dangerous work
  without lowering incomes or limiting skills.
• Working with governments and private companies to
  find ways to end harmful child labour, for
  example by developing appropriate legislation.

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Facts

• 36,000 child labourers are illegally employed
• observers believe that it is actually an
  estimatiant of 360,000, which is 10 times the
  number.
• About 995,564 children are economically active.
• The estimatant given by the government is about
  29.000 children in total under the age of 15 were
  believed to be victims of exploitative labour.
• That estimate may have been lower, due to the
  fact most children are working in the informal
  sector.

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Action

• Approximitly 12,675 children under 15 years are
  working.
• There are about 28,850 child labourers.)
• 1995- 791,000 economically active children,
  448,000 girls and 343,000 boys (ages 10-14),which
  is 9.12 of this age group.
• 1,349,052 children between the ages of 13-15 were
  economically active.

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• Usually in urban areas, children works in
  small family owned businesses, but in rural
  areas, children usually work on farms and
  agricultural realted activities.

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• Supporting good quality, relevant schooling to
  give children alternatives to harmful work.
• Improving working conditions in cases where
  children have to work.

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Research

• Many agencies are involved in researching on
  child labour and children's work.
• need to maximize effects.
• Child labour will keep growing in urban areas.
• involved in improving education brought to
  children.
• Trying to includes skillful ways to break out of
  poverty
• Continue to monitor child labour

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AND MANY MORE
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Bibliography

• http//www.unicef.org/reseval/evaldb/9a2.html
• http//www.globalmarch.org/cl-around-the-world/cop
  y-news-archive/vietnam.php3
• http//www.globalmarch.org/cl-around-the-world/cop
  y-news-archive/vietnam-not-happy.php3
• http//www.globalmarch.org/cl-around-the-world/cop
  y-news-archive/vietnam-nike.php3
• http//www.globalmarch.org/cl-around-the-world/vie
  tnam-cp.php3

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Bibliography

• http//www.globalmarch.org/worstformsreport/world/
  vietnam.html
• http//www.ucw-project.org/resources/future_survey
  _information.html
• http//www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/t
  extonly/simpoc/vietnam/
• http//www.antislavery.org/homepage/campaign/child
  labourcamp.htm
• http//www.nber.org/digest/jul02/w8760.html?tools
  printit

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Bibliography

• http//papers.nber.org/papers/w8760
• http//money.cnn.com/2002/02/07/economy/childlabor
  _trend/
• http//ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/8760.html
• http//www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/s
  impoc/question/
• http//fsweb.wm.edu/charles/monroe/projects00/norr
  is.html

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