Standards Testing Protocols, Opportunity for Round-Robin Testing and Inter-Laboratory Conformity Assessments

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Standards Testing Protocols, Opportunity for
Round-Robin Testing and Inter-Laboratory
Conformity Assessments T. Basso, NREL IEEE
SCC21 Secretary and USA IEC TC8/TAG Technical
Advisor and Administrator 2nd IRDER Conference
Workshop December 4, 2006 Napa California
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National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),
Distributed Energy Electricity Reliability
Program funded by US DOE Office of Electricity
Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE)
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Outline

• Background standards/protocols/programs for
  testing and conformity assessment, e.g.,
  development, maintenance, updating approach
  etc.
• Sample Case Studies
• 1) Photovoltaics performance criteria and test
  methods standards development laboratory
  accreditation and equipment certification
  implementation of a conformity assessment program
  (e.g., PowerMark Corporation)
  
• 2) DER Interconnection interconnection
  requirements and testing requirements ANSI/IEEE
  1547 standards 2005 Energy Policy Act (EPACT)
  implementation of best practices (PJM, MADRI,
  states models) Nationally Recognized Testing
  Labs
• Opportunities/Discussion multiple programs,
  consistency, quality, transparency, reciprocity,
  ... Where to from here?

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Definitions and Terms
accreditation an authoritative body establishes
formal recognition via formal processes that an
entity is competent to perform specified tasks.
certification - compliance to standards or
specifications. Certification is established via
conformity assessment. conformity assessment -
official valuation activities (i.e., programs,
protocols or schemes) concerned with determining
that requirements are fulfilled conducted by
some organization or party. Program type often
defined in regards to who is the responsible
party First party (self assessment) - by a
supplier(s) Second party - by a buyer(s) Third
party - by an entity independent of both seller
and buyer. Programs in USA often are not
centrally organized. Program activities are
often a mix of government or regulatory mandates,
and private sector (market based). Various
national and international programs generally
exist, but not formalized for interconnection
critical to have quality, transparency, and
reciprocity. Nationally Recognized Testing
Laboratory (NRTL) requirements for are in OSHA
1910.7 and Appendix A.
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Standards and Conformity Assessment Benefits

• Accelerates engineering advances
  implementation, interoperability, and
  installation
• Assists increased quality and reliability
  achievement
• Simplifies compliance to needs, permitting,
  rules
• Promotes advanced communications software
  platforms interchangeability
• Enables enhanced DR systems and grid
  intelligence
• Lower cost and quicker deployment for projects.
  

• Safeguards against hazards
• Fosters quality design and manufacture
• Increases competitiveness in industry
• Creates and expands markets
• Facilitates Trade and Commerce
• Assurance is provided when products meet quality
  standards, then users need not be concerned with
  redundant testing or evaluation of the product

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Standards, Testing, Implementation Putting the
Pieces Together (NREL approach)
Stds, protocols/programs established by
stakeholders satisfy mandates quality
recognized/accepted not stagnant.
Consensus driven. Defined scope purpose.
Proven/validated. Maintained/updated.
Controlled/quality processes, facilities,
equipment personnel. Lab accreditation.
Manufacturer quality. Test _at_ cradle-to-grave.

Goals/purposes. Which standards programs?
Authority having jurisdiction. Dispute
resolution.
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Approach

• R D, interim performance criteria test
  methods development
• Round-robin testing and evaluation trials
• National consensus standards established via
  industry driven partnerships balanced
  stakeholder participation.
• Implementation approaches instituted (standards
  adoption, rules of engagement, agreements, etc.).
  
• Harmonization of national and international
  standards, codes, and certification/laboratory
  accreditation, e.g.,
• - IEC/IEEE dual-logo standards.
• - USA Technical Advisory Group IEC/TC8 System
  Aspects of Electrical Energy Supply (T. Basso
  Co-Technical Advisor with J. Koepfinger who is
  also IEC Standards Management Board member TC8
  draft white papers).
• IEC/TC82 Photovoltaics (USA is Secretariat)
• IEC additional participation IEC/JCG
  Distributed Renewable Energy Systems, IEC/TC 88
  Wind, IEC 61850 standards (communications), etc.
  

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Approach

• IEEE Standards Board
• Approves all IEEE standards projects and
  standards for publication.
• Established IEEE liaison to DOE (R. DeBlasio,
  Chair SCC21)
• - Establishes Standards Coordinating Committees
  (SCC) that report directly to Board, e.g., IEEE
  SCC21 (Photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage
  and dispersed generation, i.e., 1547 series of
  interconnection standards).
• IEEE standards developed as American National
  Standards (ANSI/IEEE) recognized worldwide.
• Additional Standards Codes Interactions, e.g.,
  - National Electric Code, building codes, state
  Public Utility Commissions, other technology
  specific standards/codes/processes.
• Formalization of certification conformity
  assessment.

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Stakeholders and Resources (examples)

• IEEE
• ISO
• NAVLAP
• NEC
• OSHA, e.g., NRTL
• PMC
• PV GAP
• UL

• A2LA
• ANSI
• ASQC
• ASTM
• ASU/PTL
• FSEC
• IEC

• Consumers, owners, and operators
• Manufacturers and system integrators
• Utilities and Independent System Operators/RTO
• Authorities having jurisdiction
• Regulations, legislation, DER incentive
  programs.
• Technical professionals, Test Labs ( Natl Labs
  - impartiality)

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Outline

• Background standards/protocols/programs for
  testing and conformity assessment, e.g.,
  development, maintenance, updating approach
  etc.
• Sample Case Studies
• 1) Photovoltaics performance criteria and test
  methods standards development laboratory
  accreditation and equipment certification
  implementation of a conformity assessment program
  (e.g., PowerMark Corporation)
• 2) DER Interconnection interconnection
  requirements and testing requirements ANSI/IEEE
  1547 standards 2005 Energy Policy Act (EPACT)
  implementation of best practices (PJM, MADRI,
  states models) Nationally Recognized Testing
  Labs
• Opportunities/Discussion multiple programs,
  consistency, quality, transparency, reciprocity,
  ... Where to from here?

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Case Study Photovoltaics (PV)
1970s PV for space no consensus standards,
testing protocols or conformity assessment for
terrestrial PV. Late 1970s early 1980s
DOE/National Labs establish Interim PV
Performance Criteria Test Methods (NREL
reports) criteria, requirements, evaluation -
precursor to standards NREL led round-robin
testing trials during and after preceding.
Early to late 1980s IEEE SCC21 established
Standards and Codes Forums initiated (IEEE, ASTM,
NEC, etc.) first consensus PV standards
published round-robin testing to test the
tests and the requirements (IEEE, ASTM) NEC
Article 690 Photovoltaics written IEC/TC82 (PV
Systems) established (USA Chair and Secretariat)
IEC uses SCC21 draft IEEE American National
Standards for PV in TC82.
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Case Study PV ( Certification/Accreditation)
Early-mid-1990s. DOE/NREL establish stakeholder
group published PV Module Certification/Laborator
y Accreditation Criteria Development and
Implementation Handbook (NREL TP-412-7680
21291) (NREL 7680) Figure 3.1 Hierarchy of QA
Regimens (International Standards Organization
ISO and International Electrotechnical
Commission - IEC
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Case Study PV Certification/Accreditation
1996 PowerMark Corporation (PMC) incorporated
based on preceding documents PMC develops
manages PV product certification processes e.g.,
(also see next viewgraphs), PV-X are
pro-forma/type required documents (from
NREL-TP-412-7680) PV-1 Criteria for Model
Quality System for laboratories Engaged in
Testing PV Modules PV-2 Model for Third-Party
Certification and Labeling Program for PV Modules
PV-3 Testing Requirements - Certification
Labeling Program for PV Modules. Late 1990s
Early 2000s. IEC PV Global Assistance Program
pursue conformity assessment for photovoltaics
PMC activities i) PMC selected as USA Licensee
for PV GAP ii) PMC established PV lab
accreditation procedures iii) PMC established
a procedure for certification of PV module
manufacturers originally to (SCC21) IEEE 1262 now
IEC 61215 or IEC 61646 iv) PMC lab
accreditation to ASU/PTL (PV Testing Lab) v)
PMC worked with the international community
reciprocity - to accept ASU/PTL accreditation
worldwide.
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Case Study PV Certification/Accreditation
Third Party Model (NREL-TP-412-7680)
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Case Study PV Certification/Lab Accreditation
Third Party Model (NREL-TP-412-7680)
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Case Study PV Certification/Accreditation
Early 2000s to present. Nations, states,
incentive programs for solar PV technology
systems cite/mandate PV certification and
conformity assessment (peak power or performance
based). NREL Cell Module Performance
Laboratory (Trust But Verify) achieves
accreditation to ISO 17025 (testing
calibration) standard. PMC activities i) PMC
interfaces/coordinates w/state PUCs in relation
to certification and solar rebates ii) PMC lab
accreditation to Florida Solar Energy Center
(FSEC) for PV testing and reciprocity iii) PMC
established a procedure for certification of PV
charge controller manufacturers - no charge
controller manufacturers have been interested in
becoming certified iv) Solarex USSC PV modules
now certified (listed and labeled) per PMC.
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Where to from here?

• Incomplete set of stds/guides.
• Satisfy stakeholders, e.g., certify per power or
  energy performance?
• Accommodating modern technology, establishing,
  updating, and proving requirements, tests,
  standards, and protocols.
• Lack of standards coordination and
  harmonization.
• Lack of transparent and consistent
  implementation rules, procedures and agreements.
  
• Misunderstanding/misapplication (limited
  experience/knowledge).
• User/stakeholder disagreement.

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Outline

• Background standards/protocols/programs for
  testing and conformity assessment, e.g.,
  development, maintenance, updating approach
  etc.
• Sample Case Studies
• 1) Photovoltaics performance criteria and test
  methods standards development laboratory
  accreditation and equipment certification
  implementation of a conformity assessment program
  (e.g., PowerMark Corporation)
• 2) DER Interconnection interconnection
  requirements and testing requirements ANSI/IEEE
  1547 standards 2005 Energy Policy Act (EPACT)
  implementation of best practices (PJM, MADRI,
  states models) Nationally Recognized Testing
  Labs
• Opportunities/Discussion multiple programs,
  consistency, quality, transparency, reciprocity,
  ...Where to from here?

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Case Study Interconnection (IC)
1978. USA federal act (for non-utility
generators) PURPA but no consensus standards
or uniform approach for requirements, testing or
conformity assessment for interconnecting small
generators with utilities. Each utility has their
own standards, testing and conformity assessment
practices. 1988. IEEE Std 1001 Guide for
Interfacing Dispersed Storage and Generation
Facilities with Electric Utility Systems
published. 1990s. SCC21 IEEE Std 929
Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of PV
Systems published in 1999 IEEE establishes SCC21
1547 interconnection standards development
project.
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Case Study Interconnection (IC)
Early 2000s. First national consensus
interconnection standards published SCC21 IEEE
Std 1547 (2003) - requirements for
interconnection and its tests, and SCC21 IEEE Std
1547.1 (2005) - test procedures for conformance
to 1547 IEC TC8 System Aspects of Electrical
Energy Supply revises scope to address TD, DER
interconnection, reliability, etc. PJM
Interconnect, Inc. gets Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC) approval (in 2005) Std for
Small Gen (2MW) Interconnection In 2006 PJM
approves Std for Small Gen (10 MW)
Interconnection and Std for Small Gen
(gt10-to-20 MW) Interconnection sent to FERC for
approval. Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources
Initiative (MADRI) group establishes Model
Interconnection Procedures for States to use as a
starting point for their own implementation rule.

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Case Study Interconnection (IC)

• Early 2000s
• Federal 2005 EPACT Section 1254 Interconnection
  
• PURPA (1978) is amended as follows
  (paraphrased)
• - Utility shall make available interconnection
  service to its customers (on-site generation
  connected to distribution facilities).
• - Interconnection services shall be offered
  based upon the IEEE standards 1547 as they may be
  amended from time to time.
• - Agreements and procedures shall be
  established, promoting current best practices of
  interconnection for DG, including practices
  stipulated in state regulatory model codes (all
  such agreements and procedures shall be just and
  reasonable, and not unduly discriminatory or
  preferential).
• FERC small gen IC rules mandate establishment
  of Small Gen Interconnection Agreement (SGIA) and
  Small Gen Interconnection Procedures (SGIP).
• Note above interconnection implementation
  details are left to the individual authorities
  having jurisdiction - AHJs.

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Case Study IC To Date
1547 Clause 5.1 Design test - footnote 14 The
design test of 5.1 may be adopted as the basis
for certification of interconnection systems.
1547.1 Conformance test procedures for
interconnecting DR. UL 1741 Safety for
standard supplements and is to be used in
conjunction with 1547 and 1547.1 for utility
connected systems. PJM small generator stds
allow certification (but not mandated) via
nationally recognized test lab NRTL (per OSHA).
MADRI interconnection rule provides expedited
process for certified equipment certification
via NRTL. Some states establish or recognize
certification (e.g., California Air Resources
Board). NEC (2008 draft) Article 705-xx
Interconnection (new) requires interconnection
systems shall be suitable for their intended
purpose (per standard UL1741/1547/1547.1).
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IC Example MADRI Model Interconnection
Procedures (published Nov05 - Mid-Atlantic
Distributed Resources Initiative)

• Objective foster regional consistency among
  states small generator interconnection
  procedures across Mid-Atlantic region (started
  with FERC, PJM, and states rules).
• Two key considerations
• Technical Standards - establish common
  requirements for DG interconnection (based on
  1547/1547.1/PJM standards)
• Implementation Procedures - establish common
  rules and agreements for DG interconnection
• Additional considerations Certification
  identified but formal details are left to each
  user adopting the procedures.
• Implementation. Model procedures are a starting
  point for each authority having jurisdiction to
  complete the details and interpret or address
  technical queries on their own.

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IC Example PJM Interconnect, Inc.

• PJM purpose of adopting PJM-wide technical
  standards based on 1547
• Limit barriers to interconnection
• Provide transparency
• Allow precertification other means to
  expedite interconnection process.
• PJM is a regional transmission organization with
  over 140 GW load 165 GW generating capacity.

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NREL 1547 Certification Model
UL 1741 Standard
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NREL Model 1547 Interconnection Certification
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NREL 1547 Certification Model
UL 1741 Standard
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NREL 1547 Certification Model
UL 1741 Standard
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IC Needs and Observations

• Interconnection implementation details left to
  individual authorities having jurisdiction, e.g.,
  to complete the details for requirements, testing
  protocols, conformity assessment to interpret
  and address technical queries fill the gaps
  (NRTL is for labs, not the overall
  certification/accreditation program).
• Where to go for listing/database of accredited
  labs and certified or qualified interconnection
  equipment? Is the lab accreditation and
  certified equipment universally accepted? (Who
  decides? How?).
• Who to contact to get clarifications, submit a
  formal query or dispute, or to pursue study and
  get resolution of issues (both technical and
  otherwise)?
• How to address accommodation of technology
  evolution and grid modernization, e.g., grid-DER
  interactions, impacts, reliability, operations,
  information exchange?
• How to expedite national/international
  harmonization and reciprocity for testing,
  certification and conformity assessment.

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Outline

• Background standards/protocols/programs for
  testing and conformity assessment, e.g.,
  development, maintenance, updating approach
  etc.
• Sample Case Studies
• 1) Photovoltaics performance criteria and test
  methods standards development laboratory
  accreditation and equipment certification
  implementation of a conformity assessment program
  (e.g., PowerMark Corporation)
  
• 2) DER Interconnection interconnection
  requirements and testing requirements ANSI/IEEE
  1547 standards 2005 Energy Policy Act (EPACT)
  implementation of best practices (PJM, MADRI,
  states models) Nationally Recognized Testing
  Labs
• Opportunities/Discussion multiple programs,
  consistency, quality, transparency, reciprocity,
  ... Where to from here?

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Opportunities/Discussion

• Summary Remarks
• Value added satisfy the needs through
  involvement of all stakeholders, (e.g.,
  consumers, owners, operators, manufacturers,
  system integrators, utilities, ISOs/RTOs,
  authority having jurisdiction, test labs,
  National Labs, regulations, legislation and
  incentive programs etc.).
• Test the tests and the requirements.
• Pilot implementation plan should be developed to
  test the approval process with NREL providing
  technical expertise and testing support on a case
  by case basis (WFO), leading development of test
  methods and standards and conducting round-robin
  testing to verify every testing entity is
  conducting the tests as prescribed in 1547 and
  1547.1.
• Support expanded programs (independent, 3rd Party
  management and oversight) appropriately tailor
  to states or nations mandates coordinate
  product and performance programs with state,
  national, and international incentive or rebate
  programs fill the technology gaps (new
  technology and updated or missing pieces of
  programs).

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Opportunities/Discussion

• Summary Remarks
• Continually update accreditation of test labs.
• Promulgate certification reciprocity provide
  coordination.
• Provide oversight and technical inputs to
  standards development.
• Support interconnection implementation details
• EPACT and FERC leave details to the individual
  authorities having jurisdiction - AHJs.
• MADRI Model Procedures offer a starting point to
  AHJs and certification is identified but
  completing the details and interpreting or
  addressing technical and other queries are left
  to the AHJs on their own.
• The designation of using nationally recognized
  test labs (NRTL per OSHA) for interconnection is
  identified but NRTL is specific to laboratories -
  not to an overall program programs are not
  wholly formalized.

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Opportunities/Discussion Where To From Here?
Test the Tests and the Requirements
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Contact Information

• Dick DeBlasio, NREL Technology Manager
• NREL Distributed Energy Electricity
  Reliability (DEER) Program
• Chair IEEE SCC21, 1547 IEEE Standards Board
  Liaison to DOE
• email Dick_DeBlasio_at_nrel.gov voice (303)
  275 4333
• Thomas Basso NREL
• Secty IEEE SCC21 P1547.2.3.4.6
• email thomas_basso_at_nrel.gov
• voice (303) 275 - 3753
• NREL DEER Distribution
  Interconnection RD
• NREL
  http//www.nrel.gov
• 1617 Cole Blvd. MS-1614 Golden, CO
  80401-3393
• IEEE SCC21 -- IEEE Standards Coordinating
  Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics,
  Dispersed Generation, Energy Storage
  http//grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/
• IEEE Std 1547TM series of standards
  http//grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/dr_shared/

• Ben Kroposki NREL
• Secty 1547.1 Chair P1547.4
• email benjamin_kroposki_at_nrel.gov
• voice (303) 275 2979