Title: OXYGEN THERAPY
1OXYGEN THERAPY
2INTRODUCTION
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- Oxygen is an odorless, tasteless,
colorless, and transparent gas .That is slightly
heavier than air. Because oxygen supports
combustion, there is always danger of fire, when
oxygen is being used, oxygen can be dispensed
from a cylinder, piped in system, liquid oxygen
reservoir or oxygen concentrated .
3What is oxygen therapy?
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- Providing adequate oxygen in the
blood , while decreasing the work of breathing
and reducing stress in the myocardium.
4Indications Oxygen relievesa-Hypoxemia.b
-Hypoxia.
5 Early use of oxygen therapy
- It may prevent the development of -
1- Cyanosis late sign . 2- Labored breathing
indicate sever respiratory distress
3- Myocardial stress increase the heart rate
and stroke volume (cardiac output) is the primary
mechanism for the compensation for hypoxemia and
hypoxia .
6Oxygen delivery system
Oxygen may be
administered by nasal cannula, various types of
masks, head box, tent, catheter, T-piece. It also
applied directly to the endotracheal tube via
mechanical ventilator .The method selected
depends on the required concentration of
oxygen.
7Methods of Oxygen Delivery
- Low-Flow Systems e.g.
- Nasal Canula
- Simple Face Mask
- Moderate Flow Systems e.g.
- - Transtracheal Catheter
- - Venturi mask
- - Partial Rebreathing mask
- High Flow Systems e.g.
- - Non-Rebreathing mask
- - Oxygen hood
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12 Administering oxygen by CPAP(continuous
positive airway pressure) 1-Nasal
CPAP. 2-Endotracheal CPAP.
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15- Nasal CPAP
- It consists of a single nasopharengeal tube
that deliveries 2-8 cm of positive pressure with
or without O2. -
- Nursing care
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- - Frequent suction .
- - Tube care.
- - Change the nasal tube.
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- Endotracheal CPAP
- Positive pressure delivering via an ETT.
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- Nursing care
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- - Use sterile suctioning techniques
- - Mouth care
- - Change the ETT every seven days .
17BiPAP
- Bi-Level pressure support
- Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP)
Expiratory PAP (EPAP) - IPAP is the pressure support machine gives to
help patients own inspiration - Helps to reduce WOB and increase alveolar
ventilation - EPAP is essentially PEEP and help to prevent
alveolar collapse
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19NASAL CANNULA Cont low oxygen device
- Delivers 25-45 FIO2 at 1-6 L/min flow
- Flow 0 liters per minute 21 (Room Air)
- Flow 1 liters per minute 25
- Flow 2 liters per minute 29
- Flow 3 liters per minute 33
- Flow 4 liters per minute 37
- Flow 5 liters per minute 41
- Flow 6 liters per minute 45
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22SIMPLE FACEMASK low oxygen device
- It seals poorly and its large ventilation holes
allow the oxygen flow to be diluted with air - The simple facemask at an oxygen flow of 6 L/min
delivers approximately 35-40 oxygen - Increasing the flow to 10 L/min may increase
oxygen concentration to about 50 - If the flow rate is less than 6 L/min (as
cylinder nears empty), the patient may re-breathe
much of his own exhalation and thus, the
concentration of oxygen delivered will be low,
possibly severely hypoxic
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26Partial Rebreathing Mask with reservoirModerate
oxygen device
- Delivers 35-60 Oxygen at 6-10 L/min flow rate
- First third of exhaled gases mix with reservoir
- Exhaled gases from upper airway are oxygen rich
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29Non-Rebreathing Mask with reservoir High oxygen
device
- Delivers 95 Oxygen at 10-12 L/min
- Two valves added to Rebreathing mask prevents
- Entrainment of room air during inspiration
- Retention of exhaled gases during expiration
30Non-rebreather
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34Venturi valve
35Oxygen Hood High oxygen device
- Clear plastic shell encompasses the baby's head
- Well tolerated by infants
- Size of hood limits use to younger than age 1
year - Allows easy access to chest, trunk, and
extremities - Allows control of Oxygen Delivery
- Oxygen concentration
- Inspired oxygen temperature and humidity
- Delivers 80-90 oxygen at 10-15 liter per minute
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39Oxygen Tent
40Tracheostomy collar
41T-piece brigs