Medieval Period (Dark Ages / Middle Ages) Interim of Rome and Renaissance

1
Medieval Period(Dark Ages / Middle Ages)Interim
of Rome and Renaissance

• 1066-1485

2
1066

• 1066 Norman Invasion of England basically
  French Vikings.
• Full fledged invasion and occupation
• English culture becomes a mix of Norman and A-S
  traditions

3
William the Conqueror

• Ruthless, brutal soldier and leader
• Slaughtered most of the Anglo-Saxon nobility, and
  replaced them with Normans (gets most of the
  landowners out of the way) this created the
  largest change of land ownership in English
  history
• Actually controlled England and a sizable portion
  of France
• Organized politician / Institutes written and
  common law / Ordeal system for trials
• Witch Village

4
Feudal System

• Complicated system of land holding under William
  the Conqueror
• Land is basically given to Kings loyal subjects
  in return for rent (money or military service)
  in return, King shares spoils of military
  conquests
• No one owns land independently except for the
  King creates a system where everyone owes
  allegiance to a higher up person (peasants,
  serfs, barons, knights)
• Domesday Book detailed account of EVERYTHING
  related to land holding leads to an organized
  property tax solidified central government

5
Williams Family

• Robert Curthose

William II
Henry

• William I dies in 1087 (gross video clip)
  Robert is given Normandy and William gets
  England William II is King until he dies in a
  hunting accident. Henry takes the crown,
  successfully battles Robert for Normandy, and
  then imprisons Robert for life.

• End result poor leadership and civil war from
  1100-1133

6
Plantagenet Family

• 1133 Powerful Norman Family rises to power and
  puts their candidate on the throne
• Henry II Two sons (Richard and John)
• Puts Thomas Beckett in charge of the church by
  making him the Archbishop of Canterbury (highest
  religious post in England)

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Henry II vs. Thomas Beckett

• Henry hoped this would allow him to control
  Beckett/Church
• Instead Beckett upholds the supreme power of the
  Church
• So . . . Henry has him assassinated in 1170
• The shrine the Pilgrims are visiting in The
  Canterbury Tales is for Beckett

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Results of T. Becketts

• Henry II wanted common law, even for the Church
  officials
• benefit of clergy
• T. Beckett becomes a martyr
• Backlash on Henry II
• No power to stop corruption in the Church
• Satire in The Canterbury Tales

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Beckett Shrine
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Richard I - Crusades

• 1189 When Henry II dies, his eldest son becomes
  King Richard I Lionheart
• Spends most of time fighting in the Crusades
  (wars declared by Popes to regain the Holy Land)
  take the cross
• These always began with high hopes, and typically
  ended disastrously (there has never been any
  fighting there since)
• Interesting side effect Europeans gained
  knowledge from Arabic cultures in math and
  medicine (you have these wars to thank for
  algebra and calculus)
• English Knights play a major role in Crusades
• Code of Chivalry
• Honor, courage, courtesy, service to women
• Bold and fearless on the battlefield
• Kind and tender off of it
• 1199 Richard dies early in reign due to a
  festering wound (no son)

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King John I

• 1199 2nd son of Henry II becomes king - John I
  (Think Robin Hood)
• WEAK King loses land in France that England had
  owned since William the Conquerors invasion
• Signs Magna Carta in 1215
• Gives more power to nobles and takes power from
  kings begins breakdown of absolute power of the
  throne
• Kings dont exactly follow this all time, but
  its on the books
• 1216 John dies

12
King Henry III (boring names!)

• 1216 With death of John I, his son Henry becomes
  king at age 9 Henry III
• 1st of the Child Kings
• Much of reign plagued with battles with nobles
  over the Magna Carta (he ignores it by killing
  people he doesnt like not cool with the
  nobility)
• By 1258, the nobility have gathered enough power
  to institute The Great Council
• This meant the king needed to OK his decisions
  with this group (this eventually becomes
  Parliament)
• 1272 Henry III dies

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King Edward I Longshanks

• 1272 With death of Henry III, his son Edward
  becomes King Edward I
• Has 15 kids (only 1 male/5 females live to
  adulthood)
• 1282 Wales rebellion (Western neighbor of
  England) Edward I brutally puts down the Wales
  rebellion and makes his eldest son the Prince of
  Wales to this day the Prince of Wales is heir to
  the throne of England.

14
Edward I vs. Scotland

• 1300 Edward embarks on a war with Scotland
  (Braveheart plot William Wallace)
• Edward does not really care about the land he
  gains, its about the money he can extort from
  the Scottish land barons. He really wants to go
  to war with France, but needs to build his war
  chest.
• http//Freedom Speech Braveheart
• 1305 Wallace captured drawn and quartered for
  high treason. Edward I gains much of Scotland
  Hammer of the Scots

15
Edward II

• 1307 Edward I dies, and his son becomes King
  Edward II (the deuce)
• Incompetent King loses all the gains father
  made in Scotland spends a lot of the thrones
  money.
• Has one son with wife Isabella (French Princess).
  In 1327, Isabella and her lover Mortimer gain
  English support and force Eddie II to abdicate
  the throne.
• Edward II is imprisoned, tortured and killed.

16
Edward III

• 1327 After Edward II is deposed and killed,
  Isabella installs Edward III (14 yrs old) as King
  of England Puppet Regime
• In 1330, Edward III hangs Mortimer and imprisons
  his mother Isabella until her death.
• 1337 Like his Grandfather, Edward III wants
  France. Start of 100 Years War. (France v
  England) Black Plague really gets going during
  this time war plague losing lots of English
  population.
• English Oak long bows bring about the end of
  chivalrous warfare
• By 1359, Edward claims a great deal of money and
  land in France.

17
Richard II

• 1370-1375 The Prince of Wales dies, then Edward
  III dies. This leads to the Prince of Wales son
  Richard II being named King at the age of 10.
• Uncles argue for power and control little gets
  done
• As Richard II gets older, he kills nobles he does
  not like when the King has no children, it
  leads to massive paranoia
• Nobles dont like this, so they revolt and kill
  him in 1399 Plantagenet line ends

18
House of Lancaster

• 1399 Richard IIs first cousin is declared King
  Henry IV (House of Lancaster)
• 1399-1413 England in wars with France, Scotland,
  Ireland, Wales fun stuff. In 1413 Henry IV
  dies his son Henry V is King
• By 1420, Henry wins much of France major
  victory Battle of Agincourt
• Branagh's Henry V Speech
• Henry V convinces mad Charles VI of France to
  name Henry heir to the French throne marries
  Charles daughter

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House of Lancaster

• Henry simply has to wait for Charles to die and
  hell be King of England France
• 1422 Doesn't happen Henry dies before Charles.
  Henry VI becomes king at 9 months of age. Uncles
  fight for control very little is accomplished.
• As Henry VI gets older, it is obvious that Henry
  VI is mad too. All fathers gains in France are
  lost. Claim to French throne is disputed,
  eventually lost.

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Wars of the Roses

• 1455-1485 Henry VIs inability to rule led to a
  challenge for rule from the House of York Civil
  War for the throne.
• During these wars, there were a few short term
  York Kings (Edward IV, Richard III), but
  eventually Henry VII (Lancaster) defeats Richard
  III and becomes King.
• Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York
  symbolically restores peace to England
• Tudor line begins - Tudor Rose

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Medieval Period Quizzes

• NAMES (Take Home) QUIZ William the Conqueror,
  Thomas Beckett, John I, Edward IIII, Richard I,
  Henry II, V, VI, VII
• Medieval Background QUIZ Churchs power, 100
  years war, Wars of the Roses, Crusades, Chivalry,
  Indulgences, Middle class

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Religion/Church Power

• Creates a society with a common set of beliefs
  all belong to the Catholic Church
• Europes main publisher, librarian teacher
• Excommunication getting kicked out of the
  Church BIG deal (bad)
• Indulgences Paying the Church to get out of
  Purgatory or Hell
• Church is a powerful economic force thereby a
  powerful political force. Construction of huge
  cathedrals throughout Europe.

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Change in Power for the Church

• 1370 John Wycliffe translates the Latin Bible due
  to his dislike of growing corruption in Church.
• In Latin, church officials could interpret the
  Bible for people now people can do this on
  their own (a really big deal).

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Commoners Increase in Power

• Shift from farming to herding sheep English
  wool considered best in Europe (good export)
• Causes a shift of higher city populations
  Merchant class increase (more people with but
  not royal blood middle class)
• Black Plague/Black Death
• Ring around the Rosie
• Wipes out 1/3 of population in Europe, Asia,
  North Africa
• Once contracted . . . dead in 4 days
• Huge impact Plague war deaths lead to a labor
  shortage (peasant/serf class moves up beginning
  of the end of feudalism)
• Religious impact loss of good ones
• (think about it)

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Connection to Canterbury Tales

• Geoffrey Chaucer (1342-1400) lived during
  really transitional times
• KINGS corruption, warlike, power-hungry
• CHURCH corruption, self-serving, powerful
• COMMONERS gaining power, fewer peoplemore jobs

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Geoffrey Chaucer

• Considered the father of English Literature
• Born into the rising middle class
• Mastered Latin, French, and Italian, along with
  his native language
• Served in the 100 Years War before he was 20
• Was captured, and his release was ransomed by the
  king
• Job list page, soldier, translator, courtier,
  diplomat, civil administrator, diplomat,
  Comptroller of Customs for the Port of London,
  Member of Parliament, Justice of the Peace, Clerk
  of the Works at Westminster Abbey and the Tower
  of London
• Oh, and a sub-forester for one of the kings
  forests
• Overall, he served for three kings Edward III,
  Richard II, and Henry IV
• This is a man who understood all levels of
  humanity
• Wrote his stories in English French had been the
  language of literature (and the upper classes)
  since the Norman Invasion

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The Canterbury Tales

• Frame Story
• Stories within the framework of an overall story
  (think TV sitcoms)
• Overall Story of the C. Tales
• 31 people on a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral
  to visit the shrine of Thomas Beckett
• By using the frame story format, he naturally
  brings together a wide variety of people
• Three most important social classes of Medieval
  Society
• Feudal
• Ecclesiastical
• Urban

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The Canterbury Tales cont.

• The overall story focuses on the 31 pilgrims
  traveling to Canterbury
• On the way, each pilgrim will tell stories
• Two on the way there
• Two on the way back
• Quick Math Chaucers goal was to write 124
  stories
• He experienced writers block he only got to 24
• Why?
• He died (tough form of writers block to
  overcome)
• Between the descriptions of each pilgrim in the
  prologue (he describes 23) and the tales he
  finished, The Canterbury Tales is considered the
  most accurate description of medieval life in
  existence
• Written as a poem, but it is informal and easy to
  understand (almost conversational)

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Sources

• www.abingdonwargames.org.uk/.../1066/map_mid.bmp
• http//www.doyle.com.au/images/viking1.jpg
• http//wordinfo.info//words/images/Eng-hist-18D-No
  rmanInvasion.gif
• http//www.anglik.net/kingwillliamI.jpg
• http//www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/images/feudal-sys
  tem.gif
• http//www.mondes-normands.fr/angleterre/histoires
  /6/images/robert3.jpg
• http//thepeerage.com/102026_001.jpg
• http//freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/
  darleenz/images/parms.gif
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9
  /Henry_II_of_England_-_Illustration_from_Cassell2
  7s_History_of_England_-_Century_Edition_-_publishe
  d_circa_1902.jpg
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/imag
  es/thomas_becket.jpg
• http//www.barham-history.net/becketmurder.jpg
• http//lh4.ggpht.com/_JqzZTbH2vMY/SFn7WHUaXKI/AAAA
  AAAAA4U/Ic_vwzKAkKo/englandtocapetown046.jpg
• http//www.terragalleria.com/images/uk/uken36091.s
  mall.jpeg
• http//www.cheviotschallenge.org.uk/Images/King_He
  nry_III5B15D.jpg
• http//www.partnershipsuk.org.uk/Business-Sectors-
  Regional.aspx
• http//www.theancientweb.com/explore/content.aspx?
  content_id26
• http//www.corbisimages.com/Enlargement/SF7395.htm
  l
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_week/60
  88358.stm
• http//www.shakespeareandhistory.com/edward-iii.ph
  p

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Sources

• http//www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/image_galleri
  es/galleries_weather_winter_2005_gallery.shtml?9
• http//marathon.uwc.edu/academics/departments/poli
  tical_science/IGS_AIDSinAFRICA/plagues_in_art.htm
• http//thecleverquill.wordpress.com/
• http//en.wikiversity.org/wiki/UserAlcuin