The Ferment of Reform and Culture

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The Ferment of Reform and Culture

• 1790-1860

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A. Reviving Religion

• Alexis de Tocquevilles visit
• Americas church going nature
• Deism
• Faith was superstition
• Rejected divinity of Christ
• Supreme Being clockmaker
• Jefferson, Paine
• Unitarian
• God 1 person uni
• Rejected divinity of Christ
• People good good works
• Intellectuals Ralph Waldo Emerson

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A. Reviving Religion (cont)

• 1830s - 2nd Great Awakening
• Similarities to 1st Awakening
• Rural movement
• Emotional camp meetings
• Appealed to common classes
• National movement
• Differences to 1st Awakening
• Led to other movements
• Prison reform
• Education
• Temperance
• Abolitionism
• Womens suffrage
• Methodists and Baptists grow
• Preachers Cartwright, Finney

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B. Denominational Diversity

• Western NY Burned Over District
• revival preaching
• Millerites and Mormons
• New religions
• Gap between classes grows
• S/W Methodist or Baptist
• N/E Congregationalist or Unitarian

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C. A Desert Zion in Utah

• 1830 Joseph Smith
• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
• Mormon troubles
• Polygamy, militia, voting block
• Brigham Young
• Mormon Trail to Utah
• 1896 - Statehood

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D. Free School for a Free People

• Tax money controversy
• Jacksonian Democracy
• Educated voters
• Poor teachers
• Horace Mann
• Father of Public Education
• 3 Rs
• Noah Webster Dictionary
• William McGuffey - Reader

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E. Higher Goals for Higher Learning

• University of North Carolina
• First state-supported University
• New colleges for women
• 1821 - Troy Female Seminary
• 1837 Mt. Holyoke Seminary

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F. An Age of Reform

• Widespread reform movement
• Women motivators
• Rid society of vices
• From punishment to reform
• Reforming wrong-doers
• Dorothea Dix prison reform
• American Peace Society
• William Ladd - pacifist

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G. Demon Rum the Old Deluder

• Temperance ban alcohol
• Vices of alcohol
• Led by women
• Protect home/family
• 1826 - American Temperance Society
• T.S. Arthur Ten Nights in a Barroom . .
• Maine Law of 1851 Neal Dow
• First to prohibit alcohol

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H. Women in Revolt

• Womens roles spinsters
• Womens job to civilize men
• Cult of Domesticity
• Women run the home
• No role outside the home
• Teaching
• Beecher
• Suffrage
• Mott, Anthony, Stanton
• Abolitionism
• Grimke Sisters
• 1848 - Seneca Falls Convention
• Declaration of Sentiments

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I. Wilderness Utopias

• Utopia (perfect society)
• Robert Owen New Harmony
• Brook Farm, Massachusetts
• Oneida Community
• Communal, free love, flatware
• Shakers
• Religious group
• Simple lives
• Separation of sexes

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J. The Dawn of Scientific Achievement

• Scientific achievements
• Bowditch navigation
• Maury ocean studies
• Silliman chemist
• Agassiz biologist
• Gray botanist
• Audubon naturalist birds
• Primitive Medicine
• bleeding and purging
• Lack of sanitation
• cure-alls mostly alcohol

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K. Artistic Achievements

• Imitating Europe
• American Painters
• Stuart portraits
• Peale portraits
• Trumbull Rev. War
• Darky Songs
• Stereotypical of African-Americans
• Stephen Foster Suwanee River

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L. The Blossoming of National Literature

• Literature becomes American
• Irving Sleepy Hollow
• Cooper Last of the Mohicans
• Bryant Thanatopsis

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M. Trumpeters of Transcendentalism

• Transcendentalism
• Intellectual movement
• Knowledge transcends senses
• People reach inner light
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Self-Reliance
• Individualism
• cultural independence
• Henry David Thoreau
• Walden lived in woods
• Civil Disobedience peaceful resistance
  Gandhi/King Jr.
• Walt Whitman - poet
• Leaves of Grass

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N. Glowing Literary Lights

• Notable Authors
• Longfellow Hiawatha
• Whittier anti-slavery poems
• Lowell Biglow Papers
• Holmes The Last Leaf
• Female Writers
• Alcott Little Women
• Dickinson love poems
• Simms Southern Life

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O. Literary Individualists and Dissenters

• Edgar Allen Poe The Raven
• Theme of original sin
• Hawthorne Scarlet Letter
• Melville Moby Dick

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P. Portrayers of the Past

• Historical writers
• George Bancroft
• Father of American History
• William Prescott
• Mexico/Peru
• Francis Parkman
• England/France