The History of Space Travel

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The History of Space Travel

• (1957- 2006)

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The 1950s

• During the Cold War the USA and the USSR competed
  in everything from getting Gold medals in the
  Olympic Games to who would win the space race

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Sputnik (1957)

• The Russians were the first nation to put a
  satellite in space
• The Americans worried that nuclear weapons could
  be sent into space
• It took 98 minutes to orbit the Earth

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Laika

• Laika was a stray Russian dog
• She was the first animal sent into space
• Laika died a few hours into the flight from
  overheating

Sending Laika into space proved that animals
could survive weightlessness and the launch
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American Monkeys in Space

• Before Humans could be sent into space other
  animals were sent
• Gordo the squirrel monkey survived his flight,
  but died (1958) when his parachute did not open
• Able (top right (died the following month) and
  Baker (lived another 24 years) were the first
  animals to survive space flight

• http//news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/m
  ay/28/newsid_3725000/3725961.stm (Video)

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Yuri Gagarin

• In 1961 the USSR put the first man in space
• The Soviet Cosmonaut orbited the Earth for 118
  minutes at 17,000 mph
• He was never allowed to fly again
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/a
  pril/12/newsid_2477000/2477715.stm

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The Vostok 1
The Vostok 1 Capsule
The Launch
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The First Man on the Moon

• The Russians put the first satellite, animal and
  man in space, the Americans had to be the first
  to put men on the moon
• They launched on July 16th 1969 (600 million
  people watched)
• Armstrong and Aldrin walked on the moon on 21st
  July (http//news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/sto
  ries/july/21/newsid_2635000/2635845.stm Video)
• They spent 21 hours on the moon, 2½ hours outside
• They returned to the Earth on 24th July

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Commander Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Buzz
Aldrin
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The Saturn V, the rocket that took the Apollo 11
mission to the moon. The rocket broke into 3
parts, one with fuel, the command module and the
lunar module. Rockets only lasted for one
mission, part of the Saturn V is still floating
through space and part of it is at the bottom of
the Pacific Ocean
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Buzz Aldrin poses for a picture, Neil
Armstrong can be seen in his visor, taking the
picture
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Buzz Aldrin stands beside the US flag
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Aldrin doing experiment, the lunar module is in
the background
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The Lunar module, the Eagle, returning to the
command module the Columbia. The Earth and the
moon can be seen in the background
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The Columbia crashed into the Pacific Ocean and
the astronauts were rescued by American Navy
frogmen
The Astronauts were quarantined for three weeks
in case they had brought back some alien disease
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The First Pictures of Mars

• The American Viking 1 (1976) space craft captured
  the images of the Red planet

It worked up until 1982 when NASA scientists made
a mistake reprogramming the batteries
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Voyager 1 and 2 (1977)

• These two spacecraft were sent into space in 1977
• They were sent at a time when the planets were
  almost aligned (this speeded them up)

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Saturns Rings (1980)

• The Voyager 1 took photos of Saturn
• Titan (one of Saturns moons) has an atmosphere

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The Space Shuttle (1981)

• It replaced the Rocket because most of it was
  re-usable
• There have been 5 Space shuttles
• Columbia launched in 1981(destroyed 2003)
• Challenger launched 1983 (exploded 1986)
• Discovery launched 1984
• Atlantis launched 1985
• Endeavour launched 1992 (as a replacement for
  Challenger)
• http//science.howstuffworks.com/space-shuttle.htm
  (How it works)
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/s
  eptember/29/newsid_2542000/2542451.stm
  (Discovery take off 1988)
• http//video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid81478665
  33180818812 (Columbias Maiden launch)

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The Space Shuttle Atlantis taking off at Sunset,
this is why the top of the smoke plume is red
Discovery, December 2006
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Voyager 2 passes Uranus (1986)

• A day was found to be 17 hours and 14 minutes
  long
• A year on Uranus is 84 Earth Years

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The Challenger (1986)

• http//news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/j
  anuary/28/newsid_2506000/2506161.stm (news
  reports)
• 7 died as the Challenger exploded minutes after
  lift- off
• http//www.archive.org/details/ChallengerAccidenta
  ndInvestigation
• http//spaceflightnow.com/challenger/timeline/
• http//www.spacetoday.org/SpcShtls/ChallengerExplo
  sion1986.html
• (video)
• It was the second Space shuttle
• It exploded due to faulty O-rings
• and cold temperatures

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Voyager 2 reaches Neptune (1989)

• It appears blue because of its Methane
  atmosphere
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/a
  ugust/25/newsid_2535000/2535545.stm

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The Hubble Telescope (1990)

• Can see objects 14 billion years ago
• It had to be repaired in space in 1993
• It has produced images of Stars being born and
  dying

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The Eagle Nebula is 7,000 light years away
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The Horsehead nebula, 1,500 light years away
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The Cats Eye Nebula, 3.3 kilo Light Years away
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Andromeda Galaxy
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Columbia (2003)

• http//news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/f
  ebruary/1/newsid_3416000/3416589.stm (BBC News
  Coverage)
• The Space Shuttle Columbia burned up on re-entry
  to the Earths atmosphere
• A ceramic heat tile has become loose on take-off
• Seven astronauts were killed
• Debris from the explosion landed in car parks,
  forests and even a dentists office
• Columbia was launched 22 years ago as the first
  space shuttle

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The Columbias Re-entry

• Ceramic tiles on the underside of the shuttle
  make a heatproof shield
• Friction with air molecules heats the shuttle to
  1,500C