Apollo and Artemis

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Apollo and Artemis

• Children of Zeus and Leto
• Apollo god of prophecy and healing, referred to
  as Phoebus (who shines?)
• Roman name for Artemis-Diana
• Leto was a Titaness, daughter of Coeus and
  Phoebe.
• Birth of the twins. Leto persecuted by Hera.
  Apollo born on Delos and Artemis on Ortygia,
  floating islands. Then islands anchored.

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Apollo of the Hymn to Apollo

• Late 6th century
• Two major partsgt PART 1 Delian part
• -Apollos birth on island of Delos
• PART 2 Pythian part
• -Apollos arrival in Delphi-establishment of
  cult

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DELIAN PART

• Leto wanders to find a place to give birth to her
  children. Why?
• Dialogue between Leto and Delos. Letos oath
• DELOS I welcome the birth of the lord who
  shoots from afar.
• Leto/childbirth motif/description of Apollos
  birth. Was Leto alone? NO, list of goddesses in
  line 94ff Homeric Hymn to Apollo (page 26).
  Eileithyia, daughter of Zeus and Hera, came after
  receiving the gift, a necklace (see in vase).

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• Apollos cult on Delos
• Delight with music and dances. Long-robed
  Ionians with their children and wives. Delian
  maidens (DELIADES) sing in memory of men and
  women of old time, know how to mimic voices and
  rhythms of all men.
• Apollo to Olympus

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Why wandering?

• What does wandering signify?
• -gradual establishment of the myth.
• Also the idea of the island taking credit for
  welcoming the godgtit became the center for
  ancient Greek religion.
• . The wandering then means that how rules and
  regulations and cult was formally established.
• Wandering from the point of view of poetics
  wandering Leto, wandering gods, wandering POETS.
  
• READING THE HOMERIC HYMN to Apollo as a way of
  understanding performances of epic and lyric
  poetry.

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Compare with Birth of Athena

• Birth of Athena (who emerged from Zeus' head)
  with Eileithyia on the right, red-figured
  amphora, third quarter of the 6th century BC,
  Louvre

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LOUVRE- PARIS- Birth of Athena. Attic
Exaleiptron (black-figured tripod), ca. 570560
BC. Found in Thebes
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Temple of Leto in Delos
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Remains of temple of Apollo in Delos
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DELPHIAN PART

• The making of an Olympian God
• New quest where to make the temple
• Dialogue between Apollo and Telphousa (a nymph of
  a spring in Boiotia, central Greece, north of
  Athens). Telphousas trick on the god. Over
  sovereignty? Urged him to go to Delphi
• Temple-oracle
• Pytho- monster. When Apollo decided to establish
  his temple at Delphi he found near a spring a
  dragon called Pytho (or Python in other sources).
  
• Hera gave birth to TYPHAON, on her own, in anger
  for Athenas birth by Zeus. Typhaon was brought
  up by Pytho. IMPORTANCE OF BIRTH STORIES IN
  HOMERIC HYMN
• Feminist reading of this part. Dragon/Dragoness
• Pytho a child of Gaia, could pronounce
  oraclesgtrival to Apollo - Apollo killed
  Pytho.

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• Pythian Apollo, from name of place Pytho, after
  the dragon. Motif of heroism (triumph over
  monsters becomes part of heroic identity)
• Punishment of Telphousa
• Finding priests-
• Cretan ship- Dialogue with the god
• Note dancing in his train the Cretans followed
  him to Pytho, they were chanting paeans.

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Delphi-Temple of Apollo
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Delphi- view from the theater
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Delphi- A reconstruction
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Apollo, Athena and HermesToledo Museum of Art
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Apollo and Artemis attacking giants Treasury of
the Siphnians in Delphi Gigantomachy, ca 525 BC
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Apollo and Artemis Pan Painter, ca 490 BC
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Apollo of Piombino Late Archaic ca 480 BC
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Apollo and the Muses Thasos relief, ca 480 BC
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Apollo and a Muse Attic kylix, ca 460 BC
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Seated Apollo Sotades workshop, ca 460 BC
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Apollo before his temple Painter of the Birth of
Dionysos, ca 380-370 BC
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Musical contest of Apollo and Marsyas
Praxiteles, ca 320 BC
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Apollo Sansovino, Andrea, 1502,
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Apollo Caraglio, Gian Jacopo, 1526
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Apollo and Marsyas Tintoretto, 1545
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Apollo and Daphne Bernini, Gian Lorenzo,
1622-1625
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Apollo and DaphneJohn W. Waterhouse
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Apollo and DaphnePOLLAIOLO, Antonio delItalian
painter and sculptor, Florentine school (b.
1431/32, Firenze, d. 1498, RomaTempera on wood,
30 x 20 cmNational Gallery, London
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Nicolas Poussin. Apollo and Muses. 1631-1632. Oil
on canvas. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain.