Global Water: Our Limited Resource

1
Global Water Our Limited Resource

• Erika Shaid, Aria Amrom,
• Sara Goldstein, Samara Gordon

2
The Problems

• The two major problems that affect the amount of
  available fresh water are the growing Population
  and resulting Pollution
• First, lets take a look at
• THE GROWING POPULATION

3
Population vs. Water Withdrawals
4
World Population

• expected to rise by 2.53 billion people, a total
  of 9.1 billion in 2050
• food production will only meet consumption
  demands for the next two decades
• "World Population Prospects The 2008 Revision
  Population Database." Web. 04 Feb. 2010.
  lthttp//esa.un.org/unpp/gt.

5

• http//www.umweltbundesamt.de/uba-info-e/wah20-e/g
  rafik/Tafel1_2.jpg

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• "PE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
  Strict//EN" Data360 Homepage." X page
  _at_1-F2E601E6-- Data 360. Web. 04 Feb. 2010.
  lthttp//www.data360.org/index.aspxgt.

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"Nearly all of world population growth is now
concentrated in the world's poorer countries,
even the small amount of overall growth in the
wealthier nations will largely result from
immigration.- Bill Butz, PRBs president

• "The differences between Italy and the Democratic
  Republic of the Congo illustrate this widening
  demographic divide, on one side are mostly poor
  countries with high birth rates and low life
  expectancies. On the other side are mostly
  wealthy countries with low birth rates and rapid
  aging.
• -Mary Mederios Kent, co-author of this years
  Data Sheet

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Issues For Under-developed Countries

• limited financial means
• inadequate political managerial resources
• 18 percent of the population is undernourished
• Homepage Cousteau. Web. 04 Feb. 2010.
  lthttp//www.cousteau.org/gt.

11
Issues for Highly-developed Countries

• Population uses too much water
• Industry causes pollution

12
Population Projections for HDCs

• -little change over the next 41 years
• -will remain at about 1.2 billion
• "World Population Prospects The 2008 Revision
  Population Database." Web. 04 Feb. 2010.
  lthttp//esa.un.org/unpp/gt.

13
Population Projections in UDCs

• Projected to increase significantly
• Most growth of world population will take place
  in UDCs
• 2050 projection
• Africa 1,766,000,000
• US392,000,000
• www.un.org

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Example of HDC-JapanBreakdown of Japans Water
Use

• Annual Use
• 16.2 billion m3 for domestic use
• 12.1 billion m3 for industrial use
• 55.2 billion m3 for agricultural use
• Groundwater
• 3.7 billion m3 for domestic use
• 3.8 billion m3 for industrial use
• 3.3 billion m3 for agricultural use
• "Water Resources in JAPAN." Web. 04 Feb. 2010.
  lthttp//www.mlit.go.jp/tochimizushigen/mizsei/wate
  r_resources/contents/current_state2.htmlgt.

15
Japan Mineral Water

• The total amount of domestic production and
  import of mineral water increased by 13 times
  from that in 1990 to approximately 2.3 billion
  liters (in 2006)
• price is about 550-fold of tap water
• "Water Resources in JAPAN." Web. 04 Feb. 2010.
  lthttp//www.mlit.go.jp/tochimizushigen/mizsei/wate
  r_resources/contents/current_state2.htmlgt.  

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Example of UDC-Nicaragua

• water availability of 35,000 cubic
  meter/capita/year
• agriculture (84 of withdrawals)
• domestic use (14)
• industry (2)
• Nicaragua Water Supply and Sanitation Investment
  Program Loan Proposal. Inter-American Development
  Bank, Report No. NI-L1017, 2006

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Japan Nicaragua US DRC
Population mid-2009 127,568,000 5,669,000 306,805,000 68,693,000
Population 2050 (projected) 100,593,000 8,143,000 439,010,000 189,311,000
Life expectancy 83 years 71 Years 78 years 53 years
Percent of Population undernourished 2.5 27 Less than 2.5 74
Population with Access to Improved Water Sources 100 79 99 46
Population using Improved Drinking Water Sources Urban- 100 Rural- 100 Urban-90 Rural-63 Urban- 100 Rural- 94 Urban- 82 Rural- 29

• Home - Population Reference Bureau. Web. 04 Feb.
  2010. lthttp//www.prb.org/gt. 

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• "Population Trends Rapid Growth in Less
  Developed Regions Population Development
  UNFPA." UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund.
  Web. 04 Feb. 2010. lthttp//www.unfpa.org/pds/trend
  s.htmgt.

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Suggestions for the World

• Education
• Provide Incentive
• Pollution Prevention
• Conservation Plans
• Aid with Implementation

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Suggestions to Control Population

• Contraception
• Abstinence
• Abortion
• Birth Control
• Regulatory Laws (National Level)

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Global Waters Population Control Wish

• There should be access to birth control
  education and materials so people in developing
  countries have that as a choice. They are not
  available today.
• -Ted Kuepper of Global Water

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Example for Population Control

• One Child Policy
• -The population control policy of China
• -Restricts number of children married urban
  couples can have to 1

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The Resulting ProblemPOLLUTION
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Pollution Circulates

• Darby Creek
• Delaware River
• Ocean
• Surrounding countries  
• Gulf Stream Current- up through Europe, Down to
  Equator, and back up and around

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The Ocean Currents
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Diseases from Polluted Water

• about 250 million cases of water-related diseases
  per year
• Cholera
• Typhoid
• Schistosomiasis
• dysentery
• diarrheal diseases
• (http//www.grinningplanet.com/2005/07-26/water-po
  llution-facts-article.htm)

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Sources of Pollution

• http//www.keepbanderabeautiful.org/pollution_sour
  ces_chart.jpg
• http//www.umich.edu/gs265/society/pollution_repo
  rt.gif

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Point Source Pollution

• enter a waterway through a discrete conveyance
  like a pipe or ditch
• U.S. Clean Water Act
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution

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Non-point Source Pollution

• Contamination that does not originate from a
  single discrete source
• Example leaching out of nitrogen compounds from
  agricultural land which has been fertilized
• Urban Runoff
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution

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Ways to Prevent Water Pollution on a Local Level

• Recycle
• Environmentally friendly household products
• Natural fertilizers and pesticides
• Conserve water by turning off the tap when
  running water is not necessary
• Reuse Automobile oil
• http//www.buzzle.com/articles/ways-to-prevent-wat
  er-pollution.html

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Global Waters Solutions

• More access to safe water supplies is more
  important than conservation in the developing
  world
• GW spreads awareness through website and through
  students and others
• Use literature to give presentations to students?
• Funding projects in Nicaragua, Guatemala, Peru,
  Kenya, Botswana

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EPAs Solutions

• regulating point sources that discharge
  pollutants
• Works with state and local authorities
• monitor pollution levels in U.S. water
• status and trend information
• variety of ecosystems
• http//www.epa.gov/ebtpages/watewaterpollution.htm
  l 

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The United States Solution

• Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972)
• Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
  (1972)
• Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)
• Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
  Act, as amended in 1988
• 10 billion was spent on water and wastewater
  treatment. (1996)
• http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0861893.html

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International Cooperation With U.S.

• promoted by the Inter-Governmental Maritime
  Consultive Organization (IMCO)
• Limitation of ocean dumping proposed at 80-nation
  London Conference (1972)
• 12 European nations in Oslo (1972)
• rules to regulate dumping in the North Atlantic

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Millennium Development Goals

• 2000 UN Millennium Summit
• 189 world leaders from rich and poor countries
• eight time-bound targets to end extreme poverty
  worldwide by 2015
• http//www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
• Many high-level conferences
• need for international cooperation
• address the issue of access water and sanitation
• http//www.globaleducation.edna.edu.au/globaled/go
  /cache/offonce/pid/16

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Global Conference

• Leaders from each country gather together to
  establish global goals of reducing water
  pollution, reducing population, and sharing water
  equally
• The conference will be divided into three parts
  education, suggestion, and goals/future

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Education

• Teach people about water conservation and
  availability
• Teach them about the important of lessening the
  gap between HDCs and UDCs
• Population ? Pollution

38
Suggestions

• Bring in different organizations plans, use
  these as models
• Teach countries methods of sustainability,
  conservation, lessing pollution, and desalination

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Goals/Plans for the future

• Meet in 5 years to view progress
• Yearly updating report
• Each country needs to create a proposal of what
  they are going to do using the suggestions that
  we give

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UN Resolution

• Through a series of goals, resolutions and
  declarations adopted by member nations of the
  United Nations, the world has a set of
  commitments, actions, and goals to fix the
  problem of decreasing fresh water availability
• -www.un.org

41
Bibliography

• "PE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
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  lthttp//www.data360.org/index.aspxgt.
• www.un.org
• http//www.globaleducation.edna.edu.au/globaled/go
  /cache/offonce/pid/16
• http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0861893.html
• http//www.buzzle.com/articles/ways-to-prevent-wat
  er-pollution.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution
• Nicaragua Water Supply and Sanitation Investment
  Program Loan Proposal. Inter-American Development
  Bank, Report No. NI-L1017, 2006
• "Population Trends Rapid Growth in Less
  Developed Regions Population Development
  UNFPA." UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund.
  Web. 04 Feb. 2010. lthttp//www.unfpa.org/pds/trend
  s.htmgt.
• Homepage Cousteau. Web. 04 Feb. 2010.
  lthttp//www.cousteau.org/gt.
• "World Population Prospects The 2008 Revision
  Population Database." Web. 04 Feb. 2010.
  lthttp//esa.un.org/unpp/gt.
• http//www.globaleducation.edna.edu.au/globaled/go
  /cache/offonce/pid/16
• http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0861893.html
• Nicaragua Water Supply and Sanitation Investment
  Program Loan Proposal. Inter-American Development
  Bank, Report No. NI-L1017, 2006