Miscellaneous EKG Changes Chapter 14

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Pericarditis

• Is an inflammatory disease of the pericardium,
  directly involving the epicardium.
• Deposits of inflammatory cells and variable
  amounts of serous, fibrous, purulent, or
  hemorrhagic exudates within the pericardial sac.

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Electrolyte Imbalance

• Hyperkalemia
• Excess of serum potassium above normal levels of
  3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
• Kidney failure and certain diuretics
• Hypokalemia
• Deficiency of serum potassium below 3.5 mEq/L
• Vomiting, gastric suction, excessive diuretics
• Hypercalcemia
• Excess of serum calcium above normal levels of
  2.1-2.6 mEq/L
• Adrenal insufficiency, hyperparathyroidism,
  immobilization, kidney failure, malignancy,
  Vitamin A D intoxication
• Hypocalcemia
• Shortage of calcium below 2.1 mEq/L
• Chronic steatorrhea, Diuretics, Rickets,
  Pregnancy Respiratory alkalosis, Hyperventilation

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Drug Effect

• All of the following in a therapeutic range
  produces characteristic changes in the ECG
• Digitalis
• to treat CHF, A-fib, A-flutter, PSVT
• Procainamide
• Antiarrhythmic drug used to treat atrial and
  ventricular cardiac rhythm disturbances
• Quinidine
• Antiarrhythmic drug used to control atrial
  fibrillation

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