Introduction to NYISO

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Introduction to NYISO
Weiping Xiao Yunzhi Cheng This is not an
official presentation from NYISO.
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Outlines

• Overview of NYISO
• Transmission Network Model Data
• System Operation
• System Planning
• Reliability Issue
• Market Structure
• Ancillary Services
• Demand Response Programs

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1. Overview of NYISO
History of NYISO
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1. Overview of NYISO

• New York Independent System Operator (NYISO)
• Not-for-profit corporation
• Main Responsibilities
• Operates New York's bulk electricity grid
• Administers the state's wholesale electricity
  markets
• Provides comprehensive reliability planning for
  the state's bulk electricity system.

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1. Overview of NYISO
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1. Overview of NYISO
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1. Overview of NYISO
11 zones in NYISO
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1. Overview of NYISO
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1. Overview of NYISO
Connection with other ISOs
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1. Overview of NYISO

• Facts about NYISO
• Area 47,225 square miles
• Population 19,160,000 people
• High Voltage transmission lines length 10,775
  Miles
• Peak Load 33,939MW (August 2006)

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1. Overview of NYISO
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1. Overview of NYISO
Responsible for operation and financial affairs
of NYISO, and three committees.
Help Board to supervise the other two committees
Establish procedures for the efficient
nondiscriminatory operation of the electricity
markets
Establish and oversee procedures for coordinating
system operations
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1. Overview of NYISO
Control Center of NYISO
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2. Transmission Network Model Data
The data is listed at http//www.nyiso.com/public
/market_data/power_grid_data/dam_outages.jsp Outa
ges Day-Ahead Scheduled OutagesReal-Time
Scheduled OutagesReal-Time Actual
Outages ConstraintsLimiting ConstraintsDAM
Limiting Constraints Interface
FlowsInternal/External Limits Flows

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2. Transmission Network Model Data
Load Forecast CommittmentISO Load ForecastZonal
Load CommittmentLoad Forecast Weather DataLoad
Forecast Assumptions Actual LoadReal-Time
Actual LoadIntegrated Real-Time Actual LoadLoad
and SCUC Forecast Data - Monthly Data Postings

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2. Transmission Network Model Data

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3. System Operation

• Three Levels of thermal Limit
• Normal
• Withstand through the daily demand cycles
  
• No loss of equipment life
• Usually two values are used throughout
  the year
• Normal - Summer and Normal Winter.
• Emergency
• Withstand for a finite period of time
• Loss of equipment life
• Long Term Emergency (LTE, withstand 4 hours)
• Short Term Emergency (STE, withstand 15minutes)

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3. System Operation
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3. System Operation
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4. System Planning
Planning at the NYISO develops processes to
ensure the long-term adequacy of power system in
the NYCA (New York Control Area). System planning
at NYISO include the load forecasting,
transmission planning, and system and resource
planning functions.
    Reliability Assessments     Resource Adequacy
Planning     Interconnection Studies (request an
interconnection )     Studies for Trans Service
Requests     Special Studies (new wind power)
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5. Reliability Issue
NYISO and its stakeholders developed and
implemented the Comprehensive Reliability
Planning Process (CRPP). The Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved the CRPP in
December 2004 the NYISO undertook its first
10-year planning process in 2005-2006, and
completed its second process in 2007. They
finished a report (20082017) in 2008.
2008 Comprehensive Reliability Plan
---------- A Long-Term Reliability Assessment
of New Yorks Bulk Power System

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5. Reliability Issue

Part I __________ Part II
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5. Reliability Issue

• What is RNA?
• Reliability Needs Assessment (RNA) is the first
  part of CRPP
• RNA evaluates generation adequacy and
  transmission reliability over a 10-year span
• RNA identifies future needs that should be
  addressed to maintain reliability.
• RNA concerns potential and existing reliability
  issues to maintain the systems integrity for
  today and the future.
• The 2008 RNA was issued in December 2007.
• A draft of the 2009 RNA is simultaneously
  underway.

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5. Reliability Issue

• The second part of CRPP focuses on solutions of
  RNA.
• After RNA is approved the NYISO Board of
  Directors, the second part begins with the
  request for solutions.
• Market-Based Solutions
• Proposed by market participants
• Regulated Backstop Solutions
• Proposed by designated transmission owners,
  or Alternative Regulated Solutions proposed by
  any market participant
• The NYISO evaluates all proposed solutions to
  determine whether they will meet the identified
  reliability needs. Finally, a Comprehensive
  Reliability Plan (CRP) is developed, setting
  forth the facilities and schedule to meet needs
  of RNA.

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6. Market Structure

• Day-Ahead Market (DAM)
• Hour-Ahead Market (HAM)
• Real-Time Market (RTM)

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6. Market Structure
6.1 Day-Ahead Market (DAM)

• NYISO DAM closing is 0500AM the day before the
  Operating Day
• NYISO DAM clearing is 1100AM the day before the
  Operating Day
• Typically DAM is more than 90 of whole power
  market
• DAM prices are determined on an hourly basis
• DAM prices are determined for each of the state's
  eleven zones and for the four neighboring areas
  (New England, Hydro Quebec, Ontario Hydro and
  PJM). It is a zonal market.
• A software program called Security Constrained
  Unit Commitment (SCUC) determines the schedule of
  the generation units.

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6. Market Structure
6.1 Day-Ahead Market (con.)
Zonal LBMPs are used in DAM. LBMP Locational
Based Marginal Price The DAM zonal LBMPs are
determined by adding the marginal cost of energy,
the marginal cost of losses and the marginal cost
of congestion. LBMPtotal LBMPenergyLBMPlossL
BMPcongestion
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6. Market Structure
6.2 Hour-Ahead Market (HAM)

• NYISO HAM closing is 75minutes prior to the hour
• It is calculated at 15-minute intervals
• In other power market (ex ISO-NE) the results of
  the DAM are obligations for the RTM, but do not
  result in transaction scheduling in Real Time.
• In the NYISO DAM, due to reliability concerns and
  software constraints, all cleared DAM
  transactions are processed as offers of physical
  energy in real-time. In NYISO, the transactions
  that cleared the DAM automatically carry forward
  into the HAM as physical energy transactions.

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6. Market Structure
6.3 Real-Time Market (RTM)
Real-Time Market LBMP Prices are calculated at
five-minute intervals throughout the day based on
generation and energy transaction bids that were
offered to the NYISO. Typically RT market is
less than 10 of whole market. RT prices are
determined for each of the state's eleven zones
and for the four neighboring areas (New England,
Hydro Quebec, Ontario Hydro and PJM). It is a
zonal market. A software program called Security
Constrained Dispatch (SCD) to regulate generation
units.
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6. Market Structure
6.3 Real-Time Market (con.)
Zonal LBMPs are used in RTM. The RTM zonal LBMPs
are also determined by adding the marginal cost
of energy, the marginal cost of losses and the
marginal cost of congestion. LBMPtotal
LBMPenergyLBMPlossLBMPcongestion
LBMPenergy is the base price that NYISO must pay
to obtain the needed energy. LBMPloss is
different at different bus. Usually the receiving
end will pay more for the loss. LBMPcongestion
0 under no congestion.
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6. Market Structure
Reference Bus The reference bus is very
important in LBMP calculation. LBMP will be
different if reference bus is changed. The
reference bus is physically located at the Marcy
345 kV substation in Marcy, New York.
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6. Market Structure
Graphical Market Data at NYISO http//www.nyiso.c
om/public/market_data/zone_maps/index.jsp http//
www.nyiso.com/public/market_data/graphs/index.jsp

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6. Market Structure
6.4 SMD 2
Standard Market Design 2.0 NYISO SMD2 Cutover
February 1, 2005 New Features Take NYISOs
market to 100 FERC compliance Align power and
business systems to common model Enhance testing
processes Security enhancements Improve system
availability Migrate architecture
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6. Market Structure
6.4 SMD 2

• ?New AGC
• ?State Estimator Runs every 30 seconds
• ? New for NYISO
• ? Expanding capabilities
• ? Save Cases
• ?Contingency Analysis Runs every 5 minutes
• ? Standard
• ? Topology confirmation and Outage Scheduler
• ?Fast Contingency Analysis Runs every 1 minute
• ? Merges RTD and CA lists
• ?Security Monitor
• ? Thermal monitoring
• ? Interface stability violations

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6. Market Structure
6.4 SMD 2

• Day Ahead Security Constrained Unit Commitment
  (SCUC) ?
• Port from SPIDER (ABB old UNIX-based
  SCADA/EMS/DMS system )
• ? Commitment based upon locational based
  marginal prices (LBMP)
• ? Zones Market
• Real-time Scheduler (RTS)
• 1) Real-Time Commitment (RTC)
• Runs every 15 Minutes 2.5 hour look ahead
• ?Built upon day-head foundation
• 2) Real-Time Dispatch (RTD)
• Runs every 5 Minutes 1 hour look ahead
• ? Built upon RTC foundation
• ?

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6. Market Structure
6.4 SMD 2 Software ABB Ranger Systems
NYISO combine all the SCADA, EMS and BMS
applications to run over one single platform
(Ranger) SCADA Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition EMS Energy Management
System BMS Business Management System

?
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6. Market Structure
6.4 SMD 2

?
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7. Ancillary Services (AS)

• Cost-Based AS
• Market-Based AS

• Scheduling, System Control and Dispatch
• Covers NYISO costs of operations
• 2) Voltage Control
• Necessary to maintain proper force/pressure in
  the
• delivery of electrical energy (0.38/MW, 2008)
• 3) Black Start
• Provides system restoration in the event of
  system-wide
• black out

Cost-Based AS
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7. Ancillary Services
4) Operating Reserve 5) Regulation and
Frequency Response 6) Energy Imbalance
Market-Based AS
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7. Ancillary Services
4) Operating Reserve
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7. Ancillary Services
4) Operating Reserve
Total 1,800MW
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7. Ancillary Services
4) Operating Reserve
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7. Ancillary Services
4) Operating Reserve
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8. Demand Response Programs (DRP)

The Emergency Demand Response Program is designed
to reduce power usage through the voluntary
shutting down of businesses and large power
users. Companies, mostly industrial and
commercial, sign up to take part in the EDRP. The
companies are paid by the NYISO for reducing
energy consumption when asked to do so by the
NYISO. Special Case Resources is a program
designed to reduce power usage through the
shutting down of businesses and large power
users. Companies, mostly industrial and
commercial, sign up to become SCRs. The companies
must, as part of their agreement, curtail power
usage, usually by shutting down when asked by the
NYISO. In exchange, they are paid in advance for
agreeing to cut power usage upon request.
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8. Demand Response Programs (DRP)
The DRP is designed to reduce power usage
through the voluntary shutting down of businesses
and large power users. DRP can be deployed in
energy shortage situations to maintain the
reliability of the bulk power grid. The NYISO's
Day-Ahead Demand Response Program (DADRP) allows
energy users to bid their load reductions, or
"negawatts", into the Day-Ahead energy market as
generators do. Offers determined to be economic
are paid at the market clearing price. DADRP
allows flexible loads to effectively increase the
amount of supply in the market and moderate
prices.

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8. Demand Response Programs (DRP)
Demand Response Programs Benefits