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The Renaissance

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The Renaissance 1485-1660 The Renaissance Beginning in the late 1400 s, the English Renaissance marked changes in people s values, beliefs, and behaviors. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Renaissance


1
The Renaissance
  • 1485-1660

2
The Renaissance
  • Beginning in the late 1400s, the English
    Renaissance marked changes in peoples values,
    beliefs, and behaviors.
  • The word renaissance means re-birth. It
    refers particularly to renewed interest in
    classical learning Greek language, reading, art.
    There was also a renewal of the human spirit
    curiosity and creativity. Today we still use the
    term Renaissance person for an energetic and
    productive human being who is interested in
    science, literature, history, art, and other
    academic subjects.

3
Italy
  • Italy
  • A. The Renaissance began in Italy in the 14th
    Century and lasted until the 16th Century
  • B. Most people were wealthy from banking and
    trading with the East
  • C. Important people
  • 1. Leonardo da Vinci artist
  • 2. Michelangelo artist
  • 3. Christopher Columbus explorer
  • 4. Galileo - scientist

4
Italy
  • D. Religion
  • 1. Catholic
  • 2. Catholic church was rich and powerful, even
    in political affairs
  • 3. Many popes were lavish patrons of artists,
    architects, and scholars.
  • 4. Pope Julius II hired Michelangelo to
    paint scenes from the Bible on the ceiling of
    the Sistine Chapel the creation, the fall, the
    flood, etc.

5
Humanism
  • II. Humanism An intellectual movement dealing
    with academics.
  • A. The people continue reading and found answers
    to age old questions through Latin, Greek, and
    Christianity.
  • B. They tried to harmonize the Bible and the
    classics.
  • C. The Humanists learned the aim of life was to
    attain virtue, not success, money, or fame.

6
Humanist
  • D. Desiderius Erasmus Dutch monk who lived
    outside the monastery and loved to travel. He
    taught Greek at Cambridge, where he met Thomas
    More.
  • E. Thomas More Wrote Latin poems, pamphlets,
    biographies, and Utopia. He held many important
    offices, and was knighted as Lord Chancellor, one
    of the kings prime ministers.
  • Both these men helped shape European thought
    and history.

7
Technology
  • IV. The printing press
  • A. Transformed the way information was
    exchanged Johannes Gutenberg
  • B. Few books had been available because they had
    previously been written by hand
  • C. Latin Bible printed in 1455
  • D. By 1500 inexpensive books were available
    throughout western Europe

8
Reformation
  • V. The Church
  • A. People rejected the authority of the pope
    and the Italian churchmen
  • B. By the 1530s, an open break from the church
    could not be avoided
  • C. Patriotism and national identity made the
    English people resent the financial burdens
    imposed on them by the Vatican, pope.

9
Reformation
  • D. New religious ideas were coming into England
    from the continent, especially Germany
  • 1. Martin Luther had founded a new kind of
    Christianity
  • 2. It was not founded on what the pope
    said, but what the Bible said

10
King Versus Pope
  • VI. King and the Pope dont agree
  • A. Henry VIII wanted to get rid of his wife of
    24 years, but divorce was not allowed
  • B. Henry tried to persuade Clement VII to agree
    because Catherine of Aragon had been married to
    his brother Arthur, which had been against the
    law in the first place

11
King Versus Pope
  • C. Henry had two reasons for wanting a divorce
  • 1. Catherine was too old to have children
    and had only had a girl
  • 2. He was in love with Anne Boleyn, Henrys
    favorite Henry had earlier seduced her
    sister
  • D. The pope could not grant the divorce because
    he was controlled by Catherines nephew, the
    emperor of Spain

12
King Versus Pope
  • E. Upon the refusal of the pope, Henry VIII
    simply declared himself head of the church in
    1533
  • F. He appointed a new archbishop of Canterbury
    who gratefully declared his marriage invalid,
    although Catherine would not agree
  • G. Henry closed all of Englands monasteries and
    sold the building and land

13
King Versus Pope
  • H. Sir Thomas More, now Lord Chancellor of
    England, could not agree with his friend, Henry,
    being head of the church. So, Henry had him
    beheaded
  • I. This began Protestantism in England and the
    beginning of the Protestant Reformation

14
Englands Lineage
  • The Tudor lineage
  • A. Henry VII (1457-1509) He was a shrewd,
    patient, and stingy man who restored peace and
    order to the kingdom
  • B. Henry VIII (1509-1547) He was ruthless. He
    had six wives, to all of whom he was unfaithful.
    Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard were beaheaded
    for suspicion of infidelity. He did, however,
    create the Royal Navy.

15
Englands Lineage
  • C. Henry had three children
  • 1. Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon
  • 2. Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn
  • 3. Edward, son of Jane Seymour
  • D. Edward became king at age nine. He died of
    tuberculosis.
  • E. Mary took over after Edwards death. She was
    determined to get revenge for her mothers death,
    so she restored the popes power and hunted down
    Protestants. She burned 300 of her subjects at
    the stake, which earned her the name Bloody
    Mary.

16
Elizabeth
Bloody Mary
Edward
17
Englands Lineage
  • F. Elizabeth came to power in 1558. She
    reestablished the Church of England and took
    power away from the pope. Elizabeth became known
    as the virgin queen after rejecting every
    marriage proposal throughout her life. Her
    intelligence and independence made her reign one
    of the most successful in English history.

18
Historical Turning Point
  1. King Phillip of Spain, Marys widower, invaded
    England
  2. In 1588, the English Royal Navy defeated the
    Spanish Armada.
  3. This victory assured England's independence.

19
Decline of the Renaissance
  1. James VI of Scotland, son of Elizabeths cousin
    Mary, became ruler after Elizabeths death.
  2. James wrote books in favor of the divine right of
    kings, against tobacco, he patronized
    Shakespeare, sponsored a new translation of the
    Bible, and a peaceful ruler.

20
Decline of the Renaissance
  • C. Charles I, his son, was beheaded by his
    subjects.
  • D. For 11 years England was ruled by Parliament.
  • E. The last great write of the period was John
    Milton.
  • F. By this time, political and secular values
    were beginning to challenge religious doctrines.

21
Shakespeares Theater
22
The Birth of the English Playhouse
  • In 1558, there were no playhouses in England.
  • The Puritan city council disagreed with the
    play-acting, claiming it was an act of
    idolatry.
  • In 1574, acting was banned from London.

23
  • The actors bought land nearby and created their
    own acting company, building a playhouse.

24
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25
The Globe
  • Built in 1599, the Globe theater was home to
    Shakespeare it was the re-birth of theater.
  • Henry V was the first play to be performed at
    the theater.

26
  • Scholars believe that the Globe was a circular
    structure, formed by three tiered, thatch roof
    galleries that served as seating for the audience.

27
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28
Lords and Groundlings
  • Plays were usually performed in the afternoon
    before a diverse audience of about two thousand.
  • Galleries Members of the nobility and upper
    class.
  • Groundlings, lower class, could stand and watch
    from the courtyard for only a penny.

29
  • Groundlings did not hesitate to shout comments to
    the actors on stage, good or bad.
  • Vendors sold snacks throughout the play as well.

30
Theatrical Conventions
  • Most of Shakespeares characters speak in blank
    verse, unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.
  • Each line is divided into feet, with the stress
    falling on every second syllable.

31
  • Acting was seen as to indelicate for women, so
    female roles were played by boys.
  • Costumes were colorful and elaborate versions of
    regular Elizabethan dress.

32
  • Scenery was nonexistent.
  • The beginning of the play was announced by a
    blaring trumpet, and the start of a new scene was
    signaled by the entrance of the appropriate
    character.

33
  • Scholars estimate that a typical performance of
    Shakespeare's lasted only about two hours.

34
The Globes Comeback
  • The original Globe Theater was destroyed in 1613,
    when a cannon set off to mark the entrance of the
    king during a performance of Henry VIII
    accidentally set the thatched roof on fire.

35
  • 1614, the Globe was rebuilt and stood until 1644
    when it was torn down to clear land for new
    housing.
  • A replica of the theater stands on the bank of
    the Thames River it opened in 1997, its first
    production Henry V.

36
Project Due November 25
  • Create the Globe theater in 3-D
  • Popsicle sticks
  • Wood
  • Paper Mache
  • Must include
  • People (toy figures, created figures, etc.)
  • Curtains and stage
  • Tiers and thatched roof on part
  • Exact replica (use notes and research)
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