Title: Chapter 26 World War II
1Chapter 26World War II
2Results of WWIIWhy study it?
- Largest armed conflict in the history of the
world - 62-78 million worldwide deaths (military
civilian) - Mass genocide committed towards individual groups
(The Holocaust, Great Purges, etc.) - Atomic Age begins (and other new technologies)
- De-Colonization Nationalism
- The beginnings of the Cold War (American Soviet
dominance of the world)
3TOTALITARIANISM(a govt. that has total control
over its people)
- Shared
- Characteristics
- extreme
- nationalism
- one strong leader
- one political party
- strong military
- secret police
- censorship
- propaganda
- indoctrination
- (teaching young
- people accepted
- ideas of the govt.)
- Communism
- government owns the businesses and land
- Soviet Union
- Fascism
- individual people own the businesses and land
- Germany, Italy
4Absolute Dictators Methods of Control
- Dictators often used propaganda tools to maintain
power (books, radio, the press, films) - People were forbidden from criticizing their
government
5Nazi Propaganda
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7The Rise of Dictators
- Dictators (absolute rulers) seized power in
Italy, Germany, Japan, Soviet Union after World
War I - Germany was treated severely after WWI (stripped
of territory, forced to disarm, pay reparations) - Worldwide Depression also hit many people
looked to new leaders to solve problems - The MAJOR Dictators Benito Mussolini in Italy
Adolf Hitler in Germany Joseph Stalin in the
Soviet Union
8Benito Mussolini (Italy)
- Preached a government called Fascism movement
emphasizing loyalty to the state and its leader - Deeply anti-Communist strong support for Italian
corporations - Deep desire to make Italy a great world power
- Active Secret Police would jail political
opponents - Linked to racism and cultural superiority
Mussolini called himself IL DUCE (The Chief)
9Adolf Hitler (Germany)
- Joined politics after WWI wanted to avenge
Germanys loss - Organized Nazi Party tried to seize power in
1923 but was arrested - While in prison wrote Mein Kampf
- Spoke about Germany racial superiority (German
Aryans were superior all others like Jews,
Slavs, Gypsies were inferior) - Stated German need for Lebensraum living space
10Hitlers Policies
- Banned all political parties
- Created a black-uniformed, secret police unit
called the SS (Schutzstaffel) - Massive building program put millions to work
ending the Depression in Germany
11Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
- Communist leader (Russia became Communist after
WWI) - Controlled every aspect of peoples lives
- Attempted to create the ideal Communist state
- Elimination of all private industry
- Collectivized all farms into state-run
agriculture - Transformed Soviet Union into industrial giant
(Five Year Plans) - Eliminated all competition to achieve his goals
(millions killed or sent to forced labor camps) - The Great Purge (8-13 million enemies of the
people killed)
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14New Government for Japan
- Japan seemed peaceful and had a democratic
government in the 1920s - However, few in government could control the
military (who reported directly to the emperor) - When hard economic times hit Japan (caused by the
Depression), the military installed a new
government that was centered around the Emperor
for whom the military would rule in the name of
15Goals for Japans Militarists
- Expand empire overseas
- Improve economy through imperialism
- Form a Pacific Empire that included China
- BENEFITS OF THE EMPIRE ARE
- ?Could access much needed raw materials
- ?Could have an empire that included billions of
people to trade with - ?New empire would give living space for rising
population
16Where Japan could find a solution for what they
desired
17Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
18Japans invasions
- 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria (Northeastern
China - rich in natural resources) - League of Nations protested action, but did
nothing to stop Japan - Japan simply left League of Nations in 1933
- 1937 Japan invaded the rest of China (captured
Beijing and Nanjing where thousands of
civilians were killed) Rape of Nanjing
19Italy invades Ethiopia
- Mussolini saw the League of Nations do nothing to
stop Japan - Envious of Britain Frances holdings in Africa
- Invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 the spears and
swords of Ethiopia no match for tanks, guns, and
planes of Italy - League of Nations take no action to stop Italy
20Germany Begins Conquests
- 1936 Hitler moves troops into the Rhineland
(German region near the French border) - WWI treaty said no German troops here
- French Govt and League of Nations TAKE NO
ACTION
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22German-Italian Alliance
- Germany and Italy formed the Axis Powers
- Now two dictators with stated goals of
expansion are good friends - Axis Powers help Spains Fascist military
overthrow its elected government (Spanish Civil
War)
Mussolini and Hitler
23Hitler begins his own Conquests
- 1938 Hitler and the Germans invade Austria
(most Austrians spoke German and welcomed
becoming a part of Germany) - ButHitler and the Germans were expanding and
the WWI treaty told them not to
24The Sudetenland
- After taking Austria Hitler wanted more
- His next desire is the Sudetenland in
Czechoslovakia - Small area of Western Czech where many
German-speakers lived - The Czechs didnt want to give this area to
Germany nor did France and Russia
25Germanys Expansion
26Appeasement at Munich
- The British step in to offer a peace and avoid
war - British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain meets
with Hitler in Munich, Germany - They agree to give Hitler the Sudetenland
- Hitler has to promise he is done seeking territory
27Reactions to Munich
- Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister
who came up with the agreement, said that he had
achieved peace in our time
- Winston Churchill, the future Prime Minister,
said Britain and France had to choose between
war and shame. They chose shame. They will get
war, too.
28Hitler breaks his promise Germany Starts the War
- After being given Sudetenland Hitler takes the
rest of Czechoslovakia - Hitler then signs a Non-Aggression Pact with
Stalin and the Soviet Union (they agree to not
make war on each other) now France and Britain
have lost an ally in Stalin - Immediately after Germany invades Poland in
Sept. 1939 (France Britain declare war on
Germany) WWII officially begins
The Non-Aggression Pact was publicly a peace
treaty, but in reality just a ploy by Hitler and
Stalin to divide up Eastern Europe
29The Conquered World - 1942
30Hitlers Lightning War
- Hitler introduced the Blitzkrieg or
Lightning War as his principle strategy - Took the enemy by surprise using fast moving
tanks and airplanes followed by infantry
soldiers
31Hitler Attacks Western Europe
- April 1940 Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway
(he wanted coastline areas to launch future
attacks on Britain) - May 1940 Hitler attacks Holland, Belgium,
Luxembourg, and eventually France - France fell in June 1940
- French Gen. Charles de Gaulle fled to London and
set up a government-in-exile
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33Hitler Attacks Britain
- P.M. Winston Churchill declared that England
would never surrender - Germanys effort began with bombing campaigns
first airfields factories, then civilian
sections of cities - Britain had radar and a code-making machine
called the Enigma - The Battle of Britain continued to June 1941
until Hitler decided to put resources elsewhere
34Hitler invades the Soviet Union
- June 22, 1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union
- Desire lebensraum (living space)
- 5 million-man Russian Army not equipped nor
prepared for Hitler - Germans moved 500 miles into Russia who simply
retreated and burned
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36The Lend-Lease Act
- Before U.S. is in war, FDR wanted to help the
Allies in Europe (especially England) - Wanted the U.S. to be the great arsenal of
democracy - U.S. lends weapons equipment worth 50 billion
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38Great Britain United States Netherlands France
39Problems in the Pacific
- Japan dreamed of a vast Asia-Pacific Empire
- 1941 European powers distracted
- Japan was in need of raw materials
- took Manchuria in 31
- French Indochina in Aug 41
- The U.S. cut off oil shipments to Japan to punish
their aggression - Only obstacle for Japan dominating region U.S.
Navy in Pacific. - War seemed imminent. But Where? When?
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41The Attack on Pearl Harbor
- December 7, 1941
- Massive air assault / Pacific Fleet badly damaged
- 2,400 Americans killed / 18 ships
- FDR A date which will live in infamy
- America officially enters war
42U.S.S. Arizona
43Americas Response
- President Roosevelt asks Congress to Declare War
on Japan - Famous speech FDR declares that December 7,
1941 is a day which will live in infamy - Watch clip