20th Century India

1
20th Century India

• Rags to Riches

2
Pre-WWII

• Had been run by Brits for 200 years
• 100,000 Brits controlled 450 million Indians!

3
The Crown Jewel

• British East India Company saw India as money
  maker
• Indian Textiles and Spices

4
Benefits of UK rule

• Medicine, transportation, communication education
  and democracy

5
Drawbacks to UK Rule

• Loss of culture, 30 million die from crop changes

6
Early Efforts at Independence

• Sepoy Rebellion
• Indian National Congress (1885) formed Congress
  Party
• Muslim make Muslim League in 1906

7
Enter Mohandas Gandhi

• Civil Disobedience
• Hindu Nationalist

8
Effects of WWII

• Britain used Indian Troops without seeking
  Congress Party approval
• Fuels Separatist Fires
• After the war, UK cost of empire too much

9
Independence and Partitions

• July 16, 1947
• Two new states created, Hindu India and Muslim
  East and West Pakistan
• Mass relocation through India
• VIOLENCE

10
More Violence and a Martyr

• Over 1 million dead in ethnic cleansings
• Jan. 30, 1948 Gandhi assassinated by Hindu
  Nationalist for supporting partition (

11
The New Nations and Peace???

• Jawaharlal Nehru, a secular Hindu, and Mohammad
  Ali Jinnah, a Muslim, become the first leaders
  for each country

12
Walking Through Kashmir DUCK!

• Hindu governor brought Muslim population into
  India at the partition.
• BOTH SIDES WANT ITWAR!
• Still at odds and NUCLEAR POWERS

13
A Free India

• To aid poor, Nehru turns to Socialism
• Economy weak, population on the rise
• Tried to help lower castes and
• Stressed industry
• Made movement to counter bi-polar world

                                    

14
Indira Gandhi

• 1966 Nehrus daughter elected
• Population growth hurting economy
• Violent Sikh separatists attack
• 6/84 -Raid on the Golden Temple
• 500 Dead

15
Another Dead Gandhi

• Two Sikh bodyguards killed her in retaliation

16
Another Gandhi, er, Nehru

• Rajiv Gandhi, son of Indira, in power
• Brings capitalism (and corruption?)
• Bombed for economic changes
• Irony these changes saved India

17
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

• Worlds largest democracy
• Excellent economic growth
• Still split by ethnic and religious factions
• Terrible poverty