Exercise 20

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Exercise 20

• Gross Anatomy of the Heart
• BI 232

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The heart

• Two-sided, double-pumping organ.
• The left side controls the flow of blood to all
  tissues and cells in the body, where oxygen and
  nutrients are delivered and wastes are taken
  away.
• The right side sends blood to the lungs, where
  oxygen stored in RBCs is replenished and CO2 is
  released

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The Pericardium

• Membranous sac
• 2 parts outer fibrous pericardium that is fused
  to adjacent structures and an inner serous
  pericardium which is a delicate serous membrane
  that forms a double-layered sac around the heart.
• The serous pericardium consists of parietal and
  visceral layers.

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Mediastinum

• The heart and pericardial cavity are located
  within the mediastinum, a centrally located area
  within the thoracic cavity.

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External Anatomy of the Heart
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External Anatomy of the Heart
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Internal Anatomy of the Heart
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Coronary Circulation
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Coronary Circulation

• On the posterior surface of the heart, the
  coronary artery branches to become the posterior
  interventricular artery
• Near the apex of the heart the anterior and
  posterior interventricular arteries form an
  anastomosis (connection)

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Coronary Circulation

• On the posterior surface of the heart, the
  coronary sinus runs along the coronary sulcus and
  empties into the right atrium.
• Great cardiac vein found in the anterior
  interventricular sulcus
• Middle cardiac vein ascends along the posterior
  interventricular groove

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Blood flow Through the Heart

• Pulmonary Circulation- Blood from the right side
  of the heart flows to and from the lungs
• Systemic Circulation- Blood from the left side of
  the heart flows from and to all body tissues.

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Position of Heart

• Base of the heart extends from the inferior
  border of the second costal cartilage on the left
  side to the superior border of the third costal
  cartilage on the right.
• Apex of the heart is located in the left fifth
  intercostal space, left of the median plane

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Todays lab

• Dissect sheep heart
• ID structures on the heart models