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The American Revolution 1775-1783

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The American Revolution 1775-1783 The Shot Heard Round the World The Combatants British Advantages Army of Regulars Top Navy 30,000 Hessians 50,000 American loyalists ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The American Revolution 1775-1783


1
The American Revolution 1775-1783
2
The Shot Heard Round the World
3
The Combatants
4
  • British Advantages
  • Army of Regulars
  • Top Navy
  • 30,000 Hessians
  • 50,000 American loyalists
  • Large industrial base
  • Money and supplies

5
  • American Advantages
  • 3,000 miles of ocean
  • Home Turf (defensive war)
  • Fighting for independence
  • Leadership
  • Possible French assistance
  • Guerilla tactics

6
American Advantages
  • Most important element of American victory was
    their determination to be free.

7
Battles
  • Lexington and Concord
  • The shot heard round the world
  • Unclear start to a revolution
  • Approves Olive Branch Petition

8
Battles
  • Breeds Hill/ Bunker Hill
  • British driven from Mass
  • England wins but loses ½ its men
  • British realize the scope of the revolution

9
Battles
  • Trenton
  • NJWashington attacks during winter with limited
    success. Defeats Hessians

10
  • Battle of Saratoga
  • Turning point
  • French have the confidence to support the
    Patriots with supplies

11
Washington Crossing the Delaware
12
  • Low point for Continental Army. Suffered the
    winter without food or supplies. 3,000 soldiers
    die from starvation and disease.
  • Valley Forge

13
Battles
  • Marks last major battle
  • Cornwallis cornered between land and sea
  • French-American army surround British
  • Yorktown

14
The World Turnd Upside Down
15
First Continental Congress
  • Convened in Phil. in 74
  • Statement of grievances to King
  • Preparations for fighting
  • Boycott
  • Agreed to meet again in 75

16
Common Sense
  • Published Jan.76
  • Sold 100,000 copies in first four months
  • Called for complete split from Britain and its
    constitution

Thomas Paine
17
Declaration of Independence
  • Written by Jefferson
  • Formal break with the crown

18
When in the Course of Human Events
19
(No Transcript)
20
Reactions to July 4
21
Conducting the War States v. Central government
  • Despite individual states vying for power,
    Congress given power to coordinate the war but
  • State militias
  • States volunteering money

22
New York City in Flames
23
War and Economy
  • Trade with Britain cut
  • No protection at sea
  • Diversified by the 1780s
  • New trading partners
  • Formation of navy
  • Some industry forms

24
Imports/Exports
25
Treaty of Paris of 1783
  • U.S. bordered by Mississippi, Canada, Atlantic,
    and Florida
  • Diplomatic recognized by British
  • British promised to evacuate Ohio Valley
  • U.S. promised to pay debts

26
War and Society
  • Loyalists harassed
  • Left behind property and estates
  • Many moved to Canada or Britain
  • Native-Americans generally opposed the Revolution
  • Mixed bag for African-Americans

27
Toleration and Slavery
  • Where it was not used, usually abolished
  • SC and GA refused to halt slave trade
  • Separation of Church and State (Statute of
    Religious Freedom by Thomas Jefferson of VA)

28
Washington Resigns from the Army
29
State Constitutions
  • Guiding principle Do the opposite of Britain
  • Republicanism
  • CN RI simply changed their colonial charters
  • Limited executive branch
  • Most had bicameral legislatures
  • Property required for voting

30
Articles of Confederation (81-89)
  • Federal Govt consisted of a unicameral Congress
    (9 out of 13 votes to pass a law)
  • 13 out of 13 states needed to amend
  • Representatives frequently absent
  • Could not tax or raise armies
  • Northwest Ordinance a success
  • Shays Rebellion shows weaknesses
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