Ionic and Covalent Bonds

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Ionic and Covalent Bonds

• Science 10
• Ms. Lowrie

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Using Lewis Diagrams to Show

• Covalent Bonding
• Steps
• Draw a Lewis diagram for both elements
• Determine how to fill valance shell of both by
  sharing electrons
• Redraw Lewis diagrams together
• Circle shared electrons

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Covalent Examples

1. Hydrogen (H) and Chlorine (Cl)
2. Water Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O)

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More Covalent Examples

1. Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H)
2. Fluorine (F) and Fluorine (F)
3. Phosphorus (P) and Chlorine (Cl)
4. Carbon (C) and Chlorine (Cl)

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Practice Draw Covalent Bonds

1. Hydrogen and Hydrogen
2. Ammonia Hydrogen and Nitrogen
3. Chlorine and Chlorine
4. Nitrogen and Fluorine
5. Oxygen and Chlorine
6. Hydrogen and Fluorine
7. Iodine and Iodine
8. Carbon and Fluorine

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Using Lewis Diagrams to Show

• Ionic Bonding
• Steps
• Draw a Lewis diagram for each element
• Use arrows to show how the electrons move

Example (a) Potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl)
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More Ionic Examples

1. Sodium (Na) and oxygen (O)
2. Calcium (Ca) and chlorine (Cl)
3. Barium (Ba) and fluorine (F)
4. Aluminum (Al) and Oxygen (O)

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Practice Draw Ionic Bonds

1. Potassium and Phosphorus
2. Sodium and Fluorine
3. Aluminum and Chlorine
4. Potassium and Fluorine
5. Lithium and Oxygen
6. Calcium and Phosphorous
7. Sodium and Nitrogen
8. Aluminum and Bromine

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Writing Chemical Formulas

• Crossover Method
• Shortcut to writing ionic compound formulas
• Steps
• Determine ions (write cation first)
• Crossover - Write ion as subscript (bottom )
  for other element
• Notes
• Do not write 1
• Write -1 as -
• If charges are equal (2 -2) 1 each

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Crossover Method Example

• Barium and Chlorine
• BaCl2

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More Crossover Examples

1. Beryllium and Phosphorous

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More Crossover Examples

1. Potassium (K) and Phosphorous (P)
2. Sodium (Na) and Fluorine (F)
3. Aluminum (Al) and Oxygen (O)
4. Potassium (K) and Fluorine (F)

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Practice Crossover Method

1. Lithium and Oxygen
2. Calcium and Phosphorous
3. Calcium and Chlorine
4. Aluminum and nitrogen
5. Beryllium and Oxygen
6. Beryllium and Nitrogen
7. Potassium and Sulphur
8. Sodium and Oxygen

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Practice Worksheets

• Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds
• Last 2 questions
• Write formulas for the following
• Using Crossover Method

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Polyatomic Ions

• Ions made up of 2 ions
• poly many

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Polyatomic Ion Formulas

• Notes on formula writing
• Use brackets to keep polyatomic ion together
• Write cation first

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Example

• Write formula for
• NH41 and S2-
• Draw
• Use Crossover Method

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Examples Practice

1. Calcium Nitrate
2. Sodium Hydroxide
3. Sodium Sulfate
4. Calcium Phosphate
5. Lithium Hydrogen carbonate

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Practice Worksheets

• Polyatomic Ion Practice
• Writing Formulas
• No naming yet!

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Naming Ionic Compounds

• Steps
• Write cation first
• Write anion last with suffix (ending) ide
• Potassium Chloride
• Note
• Do not include numbers!

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Naming Ionic Compounds Examples

1. Ba and Cl
2. Sodium and Fluorine
3. Be and P
4. Ca2 and Cl-
5. Al3 and N3-
6. Na2O
7. K3P

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Naming Ionic Compounds Practice

• Be2  and O2-
• Be2 and N3-
• K and S2-
• Al2O3
• KF
• Li2O
• Ca3P2

• Polyatomic Ions
• Same ordering rule!
• Dont change to ide
• Ca NO3
• Na OH
• Na SO4
• Ca PO4
• Li HCO3

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Naming Ionic Compounds Practice

• Writing Formulas worksheet
• With names now!
• Complete the following textbook questions
• 9, 10 (on page 113)
• 2 (pg 115)
• 4 (on pg 117)

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Naming Covalent Compounds

• Steps
• Add numerical prefix (beginning) to both elements
• Ignore mono for 1st element
• Add ide suffix (ending) to second element
• Note
• When prefix ending in O or A is added to oxide,
  drop last vowel of prefix

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Naming Covalent Compounds Examples
1 mono
2 di
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa
7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona
10 deca
Second element in ide from Second element in ide from
Drop a -o before oxide Drop a -o before oxide
a) N2S4
dinitrogen tetrasulfide
b) NI3
nitrogen triiodide
c) XeF6
xenon hexafluoride
d) CCl4
carbon tetrachloride
e) P2O5
diphosphorus pentoxide
f) SO3
sulfur trioxide
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Naming Covalent Compounds Practice

• Nomenclature Covalent Compounds worksheet
• Complete the following textbook questions
• 9, 10 (on page 123)