Title: Aim: The study of an environment and the organisms interacting in it is referred to as what?
1Aim The study of an environment and the
organisms interacting in it is referred to as
what?
- Do Now State the difference between Biotic and
Abiotic factors. - Homework Castle Learning Assignment 5 Quarter 4
2Ecology
- Scientific study of interactions among organisms
and between organisms and their environment.
3Ecosystem
- Collection of all the organisms that live in a
particular place, together with their non-living
environment.
4Biotic
5Abiotic
6Question
- Which factor controls the other (abiotic or
biotic)? - Abiotic regulates the amount of living organisms
in an environment.
7Biosphere
- All areas on earth where living organisms survive.
8Biome
- A combination of ecosystems that are in the same
climate and have the same set up.
9Population
- A group of the same species in the same area.
10Community
- A group of populations that live within the same
area.
11Niche
- A species part of job within an ecosystem.
- How organisms compete or work with each other to
keep the ecosystem functioning properly.
12Species
- A group of similar organisms that can breed
together.
13Autotrophs
- Organisms that can produce their own food from
either sunlight or chemical means. - Photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts
- Convert inorganic materials to food (organic)
- Producers
14Heterotrophs
- Organisms that must go out and obtain its own
food. - Consumer
- Ex. Human
15Producers
- The base of all energy and food sources.
- Without these organisms all of the food webs
would fall apart. - Obtain their energy form the sun.
16Consumers
- Herbivores
- Only eat plants.
- Carnivores
- Only eat meat.
- Omnivores
- Eat both plants and meat.
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18Energy Flow
- These are the multiple pathways in which
organisms use energy. - Energy must flow through an ecosystem in order
for it to be self-sustaining.
19Energy Flow
- Food Chain
- Shows a linear movement of energy.
- Energy starts with plants absorbing sun light
- Energy moves from green plants to higher
organisms through a series of different
organisms.
20Question
- Where does energy start off in a food chain?
- It comes from the sun and is found within the
plants.
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22Energy Flow
- Food Web
- A real life showing of how more then one organism
can consume many different organisms. - These contain many food chains. Not linear.
23Aim What will be on your quiz today?
- Do Now Why are producers so important to an
ecosystem? - Homework Find an article on how humans have
impacted an ecosystem write a summary of the
article, it must be at least 2 paragraphs
24Aim What are some differences between each layer
of energy transfer in a food web?
- Do Now how is biomass affected as you go up the
food web? - Homework Castle Learning 5 Quarter 4, Quiz
Wednesday, Articles Due Tuesday, Progress Reports
go in this week, Wednesday extra help 720am be
there on time.
25Aim What are factors that control the carrying
capacity of a population?
- Do Now Complete the fill in the blank.
- Homework Text Book Pg 53 Questions 1-13, Quiz
Tomorrow
26Aim How does energy flow through an environment?
- Do Now Producers must have a unique set of
characteristics list off as many of these
characteristics as you can. - Homework Text Book Pg. 41-44 1-5 Quiz Wed
27Question
- State the difference between a food web and a
food chain. - Food Chain
- Linear
- Food Web
- Shows the real movement of energy
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29Questions
- An organisms position within an environment is
referred to as its? - Niche
- What is the difference between a biosphere and an
ecosystem? - Biosphere is all living organisms, ecosystems all
living and non-living substances.
30Questions
- Why are autotrophs at the base of every food
chain or food web? - They can convert the suns energy to a usable form
- What happens to the energy as you go up in a food
chain? - It decreases
31Question
- What happens to the amount of energy as it gets
passed through the levels of the food web? - It decreases
- What is at the base of every food web?
- Producers
32Questions
- What is a Biome?
- An area with a similar climate
- How come the number of primary consumers cannot
be more then the number of producers? - There would be no food after awhile
- Why does the amount of energy in a food chain
decrease as you go up through the different
levels? - Energy is lost to maintaining homeostasis
33Food web
- Producers
- These are autotrophs
- Produce energy for the entire community
34Food Web
- Consumers
- Eat other organisms
35Food Web
- Consumers
- Primary eat the green plants or autotrophs
(Herbivores) - Secondary eat primary consumers (Carnivores and
Omnivores)
36Food Web
- Decomposers
- Break dead organisms and organic matter down into
basic elements. Things that can be used again. - Cycle, reuse materials. Nitrogen cycle.
37Pyramid of Energy
- This shows the lose of energy between producers,
consumers, and decomposers. - Energy is lost in the forms of heat and
unavailable chemical energy. - When animals move they use energy, that energy
used is now lost. - Ecosystems need a constant flow of energy from
the sun.
38Pyramid of energy
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40Pyramid of Biomass
- The decrease in energy going to up in levels
means that there is less energy for animals to
survive on. - Less energy means less animals.
- Decrease in Biomass as you go up in levels.
41Questions
- What are some factors that affect the biomass of
an organism? - What will happen if the number of producers
decreases over time, how will that food web be
affected? - If the number of tertiary consumers decreases
what will happen to the other organisms of that
food web?
42How is the hawk population regulated?
43Aim How does an increase in population damage an
environment?
- Do Now What are the key components to allowing
populations to increase? - Homework Text Book Pg 53 Questions 1-13
44Aim What is symbiosis?
- Do Now write a paragraph using the words below
- Producer, Autotroph, Heterotroph, Primary
consumer, secondary consumer, omnivore,
carnivore, sun, increase, decrease. This will be
collected and graded - Homework Text Book Pg 53-54 questions 14-30
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46Aim What are the names of the different levels
of a food web?
- Do Now Why would a food chain or food web need
to be a cycle? - Homework Text Book pg 45-50 1-5
47Why did the first civilizations pick this area to
live?
48Factors that affect the number of organisms
present
- Water
- Nutrients
- Space
- Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide
- Predator/ Prey
- Disease
- These are referred to as limiting factors
49Carrying Capacity
- The maximum amount of a specific species that can
be supported by an area. - This may slightly go up and down.
- Determined by available resources. (water,
space, food)
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51Why do some populations grow uncontrollably?
- Lack of predators
- Unlimited resources
- Unlimited space
- Longer life spans
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54Can you answer this question
- What are factors that control the carrying
capacity of a population?
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56Competition
- Species living in the same habitat may use the
same resources. - These species will compete for the resource.
57Competition
- Each species that is part of the community has
its own NICHE. - A niche is the role of that species in the
community. - Type of foods it requires, where it lives, how it
reproduces. - Only one species per niche.
58Living things need a suitable habitat.
Living things need food.
Living things need water.
Living things exchange gases
59Symbiosis
60Symbiosis
- How organisms work together this may be
beneficial or it may be harmful.
61Symbiosis
- Commensalism
- One organism benefits while the other is neither
harmed nor does it benefit. - A relationship where one species obtains food or
shelter from the other species. Does not harm or
help the other species.
62Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale or
shell of a mollusk
63Mutualism
- Both organisms benefit from each other.
- Such as one provides food while the other
provides shelter. - A relationship where both species benefit from
the relationship.
64Aim What is symbiosis?
- Do Now Mutualism / Commensalism
- Homework None get any late homework in
65Cleaner shrimp cleaning a zebra moray eel.
Mutualistic relationships such as these promote
the well-being of the host fishes and provide
food for those that do the cleaning.
66- Two more mutualistic relationships from the Costa
Rican forests. The Tree Sloth (left) has algae
growing in its fur. These algae help to
camouflage the sloth against the lichen-covered
tree (note the brown fur of the baby, not yet
covered with algae). There is even a moth that
lives only in the sloth's fur and consumes the
algae this is a commensal relationship between
the moth and the sloth.
67Parasitism
- A relationship between two species in which one
species (the parasite) nourishes itself to the
disadvantage of the other species (the host). - One organism benefits while the other is harmed.
68- Nematode Worms In addition Hatchtech has
demonstrated the ability to control nematode
worms, important parasites of animals, man and
crops, at both the egg and larval stages of their
life cycles.
69Aim Why do substances need to be recycled?
- Do Now Why are decomposers so important to an
ecosystem? - Homework Castle Learning Assignment 6,
- Quiz Wednesday, Test Next Thursday 5/17,
- Review Wednesday 720 am
70Questions
- Where does energy enter into the food web?
- Sun
- What is the difference between a food chain and
food web? - Food chain linear only one route
- More realistic multiple routes
71Questions
- What are the differences between mutualism,
parasitism, and commensalism? - Mutualism is both benefit
- Commensalism one benefits the other is not harmed
- Parasitism one benefits and the other is harmed
72Questions
- What are some substances that need to be recycled
and why? - What is an organism that helps with recycling
material?
73Cycles of Materials
- For an ecosystem to be self sustaining nutrients
must recycle through the system. - If this does not occur the ecosystem will fall
apart.
74Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen Cycle
- Each of these elements is recycled through the
ecosystem by means of respiration and
photosynthesis. - Animals take in oxygen and give off carbon
dioxide. - Plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.
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76Water Cycle
- The movement of water between the earths surface
and the atmosphere. - Processes include
- Evaporation
- Condensation