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Aim: The study of an environment and the organisms interacting in it is referred to as what?

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Title: Aim: The study of an environment and the organisms interacting in it is referred to as what?


1
Aim The study of an environment and the
organisms interacting in it is referred to as
what?
  • Do Now State the difference between Biotic and
    Abiotic factors.
  • Homework Castle Learning Assignment 5 Quarter 4

2
Ecology
  • Scientific study of interactions among organisms
    and between organisms and their environment.

3
Ecosystem
  • Collection of all the organisms that live in a
    particular place, together with their non-living
    environment.

4
Biotic
  • Living factors

5
Abiotic
  • Non-living factors

6
Question
  • Which factor controls the other (abiotic or
    biotic)?
  • Abiotic regulates the amount of living organisms
    in an environment.

7
Biosphere
  • All areas on earth where living organisms survive.

8
Biome
  • A combination of ecosystems that are in the same
    climate and have the same set up.

9
Population
  • A group of the same species in the same area.

10
Community
  • A group of populations that live within the same
    area.

11
Niche
  • A species part of job within an ecosystem.
  • How organisms compete or work with each other to
    keep the ecosystem functioning properly.

12
Species
  • A group of similar organisms that can breed
    together.

13
Autotrophs
  • Organisms that can produce their own food from
    either sunlight or chemical means.
  • Photosynthesis
  • Chloroplasts
  • Convert inorganic materials to food (organic)
  • Producers

14
Heterotrophs
  • Organisms that must go out and obtain its own
    food.
  • Consumer
  • Ex. Human

15
Producers
  • The base of all energy and food sources.
  • Without these organisms all of the food webs
    would fall apart.
  • Obtain their energy form the sun.

16
Consumers
  • Herbivores
  • Only eat plants.
  • Carnivores
  • Only eat meat.
  • Omnivores
  • Eat both plants and meat.

17
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18
Energy Flow
  • These are the multiple pathways in which
    organisms use energy.
  • Energy must flow through an ecosystem in order
    for it to be self-sustaining.

19
Energy Flow
  • Food Chain
  • Shows a linear movement of energy.
  • Energy starts with plants absorbing sun light
  • Energy moves from green plants to higher
    organisms through a series of different
    organisms.

20
Question
  • Where does energy start off in a food chain?
  • It comes from the sun and is found within the
    plants.

21
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22
Energy Flow
  • Food Web
  • A real life showing of how more then one organism
    can consume many different organisms.
  • These contain many food chains. Not linear.

23
Aim What will be on your quiz today?
  • Do Now Why are producers so important to an
    ecosystem?
  • Homework Find an article on how humans have
    impacted an ecosystem write a summary of the
    article, it must be at least 2 paragraphs

24
Aim What are some differences between each layer
of energy transfer in a food web?
  • Do Now how is biomass affected as you go up the
    food web?
  • Homework Castle Learning 5 Quarter 4, Quiz
    Wednesday, Articles Due Tuesday, Progress Reports
    go in this week, Wednesday extra help 720am be
    there on time.

25
Aim What are factors that control the carrying
capacity of a population?
  • Do Now Complete the fill in the blank.
  • Homework Text Book Pg 53 Questions 1-13, Quiz
    Tomorrow

26
Aim How does energy flow through an environment?
  • Do Now Producers must have a unique set of
    characteristics list off as many of these
    characteristics as you can.
  • Homework Text Book Pg. 41-44 1-5 Quiz Wed

27
Question
  • State the difference between a food web and a
    food chain.
  • Food Chain
  • Linear
  • Food Web
  • Shows the real movement of energy

28
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29
Questions
  • An organisms position within an environment is
    referred to as its?
  • Niche
  • What is the difference between a biosphere and an
    ecosystem?
  • Biosphere is all living organisms, ecosystems all
    living and non-living substances.

30
Questions
  • Why are autotrophs at the base of every food
    chain or food web?
  • They can convert the suns energy to a usable form
  • What happens to the energy as you go up in a food
    chain?
  • It decreases

31
Question
  • What happens to the amount of energy as it gets
    passed through the levels of the food web?
  • It decreases
  • What is at the base of every food web?
  • Producers

32
Questions
  • What is a Biome?
  • An area with a similar climate
  • How come the number of primary consumers cannot
    be more then the number of producers?
  • There would be no food after awhile
  • Why does the amount of energy in a food chain
    decrease as you go up through the different
    levels?
  • Energy is lost to maintaining homeostasis

33
Food web
  • Producers
  • These are autotrophs
  • Produce energy for the entire community

34
Food Web
  • Consumers
  • Eat other organisms

35
Food Web
  • Consumers
  • Primary eat the green plants or autotrophs
    (Herbivores)
  • Secondary eat primary consumers (Carnivores and
    Omnivores)

36
Food Web
  • Decomposers
  • Break dead organisms and organic matter down into
    basic elements. Things that can be used again.
  • Cycle, reuse materials. Nitrogen cycle.

37
Pyramid of Energy
  • This shows the lose of energy between producers,
    consumers, and decomposers.
  • Energy is lost in the forms of heat and
    unavailable chemical energy.
  • When animals move they use energy, that energy
    used is now lost.
  • Ecosystems need a constant flow of energy from
    the sun.

38
Pyramid of energy
39
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40
Pyramid of Biomass
  • The decrease in energy going to up in levels
    means that there is less energy for animals to
    survive on.
  • Less energy means less animals.
  • Decrease in Biomass as you go up in levels.

41
Questions
  • What are some factors that affect the biomass of
    an organism?
  • What will happen if the number of producers
    decreases over time, how will that food web be
    affected?
  • If the number of tertiary consumers decreases
    what will happen to the other organisms of that
    food web?

42
How is the hawk population regulated?
43
Aim How does an increase in population damage an
environment?
  • Do Now What are the key components to allowing
    populations to increase?
  • Homework Text Book Pg 53 Questions 1-13

44
Aim What is symbiosis?
  • Do Now write a paragraph using the words below
  • Producer, Autotroph, Heterotroph, Primary
    consumer, secondary consumer, omnivore,
    carnivore, sun, increase, decrease. This will be
    collected and graded
  • Homework Text Book Pg 53-54 questions 14-30

45
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46
Aim What are the names of the different levels
of a food web?
  • Do Now Why would a food chain or food web need
    to be a cycle?
  • Homework Text Book pg 45-50 1-5

47
Why did the first civilizations pick this area to
live?
48
Factors that affect the number of organisms
present
  • Water
  • Nutrients
  • Space
  • Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide
  • Predator/ Prey
  • Disease
  • These are referred to as limiting factors

49
Carrying Capacity
  • The maximum amount of a specific species that can
    be supported by an area.
  • This may slightly go up and down.
  • Determined by available resources. (water,
    space, food)

50
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51
Why do some populations grow uncontrollably?
  • Lack of predators
  • Unlimited resources
  • Unlimited space
  • Longer life spans

52
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53
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54
Can you answer this question
  • What are factors that control the carrying
    capacity of a population?

55
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56
Competition
  • Species living in the same habitat may use the
    same resources.
  • These species will compete for the resource.

57
Competition
  • Each species that is part of the community has
    its own NICHE.
  • A niche is the role of that species in the
    community.
  • Type of foods it requires, where it lives, how it
    reproduces.
  • Only one species per niche.

58
Living things need a suitable habitat.
Living things need food.
Living things need water.
Living things exchange gases
59
Symbiosis
60
Symbiosis
  • How organisms work together this may be
    beneficial or it may be harmful.

61
Symbiosis
  • Commensalism
  • One organism benefits while the other is neither
    harmed nor does it benefit.
  • A relationship where one species obtains food or
    shelter from the other species. Does not harm or
    help the other species.

62
Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale or
shell of a mollusk
63
Mutualism
  • Both organisms benefit from each other.
  • Such as one provides food while the other
    provides shelter.
  • A relationship where both species benefit from
    the relationship.

64
Aim What is symbiosis?
  • Do Now Mutualism / Commensalism
  • Homework None get any late homework in

65
Cleaner shrimp cleaning a zebra moray eel.
Mutualistic relationships such as these promote
the well-being of the host fishes and provide
food for those that do the cleaning.
66
  • Two more mutualistic relationships from the Costa
    Rican forests.  The Tree Sloth (left) has  algae
    growing in its fur.  These algae help to
    camouflage the sloth against the lichen-covered
    tree (note the brown fur of the baby, not yet
    covered with algae).  There is even a moth that
    lives only in the sloth's fur and consumes the
    algae this is a commensal relationship between
    the moth and the sloth.

67
Parasitism
  • A relationship between two species in which one
    species (the parasite) nourishes itself to the
    disadvantage of the other species (the host).
  • One organism benefits while the other is harmed.

68
  • Nematode Worms In addition Hatchtech has
    demonstrated the ability to control nematode
    worms, important parasites of animals, man and
    crops, at both the egg and larval stages of their
    life cycles.

69
Aim Why do substances need to be recycled?
  • Do Now Why are decomposers so important to an
    ecosystem?
  • Homework Castle Learning Assignment 6,
  • Quiz Wednesday, Test Next Thursday 5/17,
  • Review Wednesday 720 am

70
Questions
  • Where does energy enter into the food web?
  • Sun
  • What is the difference between a food chain and
    food web?
  • Food chain linear only one route
  • More realistic multiple routes

71
Questions
  • What are the differences between mutualism,
    parasitism, and commensalism?
  • Mutualism is both benefit
  • Commensalism one benefits the other is not harmed
  • Parasitism one benefits and the other is harmed

72
Questions
  • What are some substances that need to be recycled
    and why?
  • What is an organism that helps with recycling
    material?

73
Cycles of Materials
  • For an ecosystem to be self sustaining nutrients
    must recycle through the system.
  • If this does not occur the ecosystem will fall
    apart.

74
Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen Cycle
  • Each of these elements is recycled through the
    ecosystem by means of respiration and
    photosynthesis.
  • Animals take in oxygen and give off carbon
    dioxide.
  • Plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.

75
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76
Water Cycle
  • The movement of water between the earths surface
    and the atmosphere.
  • Processes include
  • Evaporation
  • Condensation
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