Lesson 7b: Carbohydrates

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Lesson 7b Carbohydrates
Ose sugar Fruct fruit Mal - bad Mono one Di
two Herb plant Carn flesh Vor - eat
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Carbohydrates
Energy molecules
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Carbohydrates

• Building block molecules

sugars
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
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Carbohydrates

• Function
• quick energy
• energy storage
• structure
• cell wall in plants
• Examples
• sugars
• starches
• cellulose (cell wall)

glucoseC6H12O6
starch
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Sugars building blocks
-ose

• Names for sugars usually end in
• glucose
• fructose
• sucrose
• maltose

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Building carbohydrates

• Synthesis

disaccharide
monosaccharides
Sucrose 2 sugars linked (table sugar)
Glucose 1 sugar
Fructose 1 sugar
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BIG carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides
• starch
• energy storage in plants
• potatoes
• glycogen
• energy storage in animals
• in liver muscles
• cellulose
• structure in plants
• cell walls
• chitin
• structure in arthropods fungi
• exoskeleton

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Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
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Cellulose

• Cell walls in plants
• herbivores can digest cellulose well
• most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
• thats why they eat meat to get their energy
  nutrients
• cellulose roughage
• stays undigested
• keeps material moving in your intestines

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• Cow
• can digest cellulose well no need to eat other
  sugars
• Gorilla
• cant digest cellulose well must add another
  sugar source, like fruit to diet

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Helpful bacteria

• How can cows digest cellulose so well?
• BACTERIA live in their stomachs help digest
  cellulose-rich (grass) meals