Depth of Field

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Depth of Field
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Depth of Field

• The distance range between the nearest and
  farthest objects that appear in acceptably sharp
  focus.
• Depth of field depends on the lens opening, the
  focal length of the lens, and the distance from
  the lens to the subject.

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The General Principles that Govern Depth of Field
Greater depth of field Less depth of field
Wide-angle lenses Telephoto lenses
High f-stop(small aperture) Low f-stop (wide aperture)
Subject far away from camera Subject close to camera
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• F-5.6

F-2.8
F-11
F-22
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DOF and size of CCD chip or film frame

• ?First is a 35mm movie camera.
• ?Second is a 16mm movie camera (or a 2/3 inch
  broadcasting camera).
• ?Third is a 1/3 inch pro-consumer DV (Panasonic
  DVX100, Panasonic HVX-200)
• ?Forth is a consumer 1/4 inch mini -DV camera
  (Canon GL1, Sony TRV900)

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Film vs. Video
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Film vs. Video
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• Selective focus
• Blue - directed by Krzystof Kieslowfski

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Type of Close-ups

• Cut-in close-up a magnified portion of the
  preceding large scene. The audiences curiosity
  should be satisfied by bringing them closer,
  otherwise the viewer may lose interest.
• Cut-away close-up is related to, but not a part
  of, the previous scene. Cut-away close-ups may be
  filmed from three camera angles Objectively,
  Subjectively and point-of view.

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The Power of Close-ups

• A properly chosen, expertly-filmed,
  effectively-edited close-up can cause dramatic
  impact and visual clarity to the event.
• Close-up should be considered from both visual
  and editorial standpoints.
• Important in theatrical production camera angle,
  image size and lighting of theatrical close-ups.

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• The Double Life of Veronique by Krzysztof
  Kieslowski

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• 11'09'01-U.S.A. by Sean Penn

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Demo 16mm CameraÉclair NPR
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Film Loading
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The Path Through the Camera
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The Shutter
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Reasons to Change the Shutter Angle
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Camera Movement

• Pans
• Tilts
• Dolly Shots
• Hand-held shots
• Crane Shots
• Zoom Lenses
• The Aerial Shot

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Demo

• Camera movement Tracks and skateboard dolly
• Outdoor lighting demo reflector and diffusion

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Project 2

•  Available Light Project (Due Oct. 12) (KODAK
  VISION2 250D/7205)
• Develop a narrative story thats taken place
  either interior of exterior. Shoot 400 feet of
  film using available light only. You are
  encouraged to combine with camera movements.
• Two group of six.

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Reading

• P173-195 Close-ups (Five Cs of Cinematography)
• Malkiewicz p19-26 Optics, (Cinematography)
• Steven Bernstein p.55-62 Depth of Field (Film
  Production)

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Hyperfocal Distance

• The hyperfocal distance is the point of focus
  where everything from half that distance to
  infinity falls within the depth of field.