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Chapter 6 Fats

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Chapter 6 Fats A Concentrated Energy Source Time for the nitty gritty There are three types of lipids(fats): 1. Triglycerides- Fats found in the body 2. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 6 Fats


1
Chapter 6 Fats
  • A Concentrated Energy Source

2
Time for the nitty gritty
  • There are three types of lipids(fats)
  • 1. Triglycerides- Fats found in the body
  • 2. Phospholipids- Lipids such as lecithin(made by
    the liver). These phospholipids are emulsifiers.
    Eggs are an example of an emulsifier.
  • 3. Sterols- Includes hormones, vitamin D and
    cholesterol

3
Functions of Lipids
  • You need a number of fatty acids for normal
    growth and development.
  • Your body can make most of these fatty acids,
    however it cannot make the essential fatty acids.
    These must come from diet.
  • If your diet is missing them then the skin,
    reproductive system, liver and kidneys can be
    adversely affected.

4
Function continues
  • All lipids provide 9 calories/gram of energy.
  • Protein only offers 4 calories/gram of energy.
  • Lipids(fat) also acts as a shock absorber, it
    helps protect organs from bumps and bruises of
    movement.
  • Lipids are part of every cell structure.
  • Lipids are needed for the formation of healthy
    cell membranes and are used to make hormones and
    vitamins.

5
Fats and Heart Health
  • Plaque is a buildup of the cholesterol inside the
    walls of arteries as plaque increases, it
    hardens and subsequently narrows the artery. This
    is called Atherosclerosis, and is the most common
    form of heart disease.
  • The heart has to work harder to pump blood
    through those narrowed arteries, this strains the
    heart and causes blood pressure to rise.

6
Plaque continues
  • With the build up of plaque a blood clot is more
    likely to occur.
  • This can lead to a heart attack.
  • If the blood clot moves through the blood stream
    and arrives at the brain, it can lead to a
    stroke.
  • In Both cases, cells are destroyed because the
    blocked arteries cannot supply nutrients or
    oxygen to the surrounding tissues.

7
Fats and heart health risk factors
  • You think its difficult keeping your fat levels
    down? Here are some more factors that you also
    have to take into account with relation to fats
  • Age, gender, race, and family history are all
    uncontrollable heart health risk factors.
  • Men are more at risk of developing heart disease,
    this is b/c females have hormones that offer some
    protection against the disease.

8
Name some controllable heart health risk factors
  • Smoking
  • Hypertension
  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Excess weight
  • Inactivity
  • Stress

9
Fats and Cancer
  • Cancer is a general term that refers to a number
    of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of
    control.
  • As a whole, cancer is the second highest cause of
    death in the United States.

10
Fats and Cancer continues
  • Can poor eating choices cause cancer?
  • Eating a diet high in fat may promote the
    development of colon, breast, prostate and
    various other types of cancer.
  • Choosing a diet high in fruits and vegetables is
    a cancer protective lifestyle.

11
Limiting Fats and Cholesterol in your diet
  • By adolescence most individuals already have some
    buildup of fat deposits in their arteries.
  • It is important to be a far detector, if you know
    where the fat is, avoid it.
  • Make certain to read labels
  • Remember that no more than 35 of your daily
    intake of calories should come from fats.
  • Use fat replacers.

12
Misconception time
  • Fats are not all bad, you need fats to perform
    many important functions in the body. The
    priority is not to eat too much.
  • Fat surrounds the heart and liver and protects
    both of those organs from being damaged during
    movement.

13
More fat information
  • Fat also plays a role in food.
  • Both naturally occurring and synthetic fats when
    added to food can alter the taste.

14
Saturated Fatty Acid
  • Lipids(Fats) that are high in Saturated Fatty
    Acid tend to be solid at room temperature.
  • Lipids(Fats) that are high in Unsaturated Fatty
    Acid tend to be a liquid at room temperature.

15
Definition time
  • Lipids A group of compounds that includes
    triglycerides(fat and oils), phospholipids(lecithi
    n), and sterols(Vitamin D and cholesterol.
  • Tryiglycerides The major type of fat found in
    the food and in the body.
  • Fatty Acid An organic compound made up of a
    chain of carbon atoms to which hydrogen atoms are
    attached and having an acid atom at the end.

16
More definitions
  • Saturated Fatty Acids A saturated fatty acid
    that has no double bonds in its chemical
    structure and therefore, carries a full load of
    hydrogen atoms
  • Unsaturated Fatty Acids A fatty acid that has at
    least one double bond between two carbon atoms in
    a carbon atom chain and therefore is missing at
    least two hydrogen atoms.
  • Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids A fatty acid that
    had two or more double bonds between carbon atoms
    in a carbon atom chain

17
Yet more definitions
  • Hydrogenation The process of breaking the double
    carbon bonds in unsaturated fatty acids and
    adding hydrogen to make the fatty acid more
    saturated.
  • Rancid Describes a fat in which the fatty acid
    molecules have combined with O2, causing them to
    break down, which makes the fat spoil and gives
    it an unpleasant smell and taste.

18
Still more Definitions
  • Transfatty Acid A fatty acid with an odd
    molecular shape that forms when oils are
    partially hydrogenated.
  • Phospholipids A class of lipids that have a
    phosphorous containing compound in their chemical
    structures, which allows them to combine with
    both fat and water to form emulsifiers.
  • Lecithin A phoshpholipid made by the liver and
    found in many foods

19
More
  • Emulsifier A substance such as a phospholipid,
    that can mix with water and fat.
  • Sterols A class of lipids, including some
    hormones, vitamin D, and cholesterol.

20
Even More
  • Cholesterol A white waxy lipid made by the body
    that is part of every cell. Cholesterol is also
    found in foods of animal origin.
  • Essential Fatty Acids A fatty acid needed by the
    body for normal development that cannot be made
    by the body and there must be supplied by the
    diet.

21
More, More Definitions
  • Adipose Tissue Tissue in which the body stores
    lipids.
  • Chylomicron A ball of triglycerides thinly
    coated with cholesterol, phospholipids, and
    proteins formed to carry absorbed dietary fat to
    body cells.
  • Lipo-Protein Fat droplets coated by protein so
    they can more through the bloodstream.

22
Last of the definitions.
  • Very low density Lipo-Protein A lipo-protein
    that carries triglycerides and cholesterol made
    by the liver through the bloodstream to body
    cells.
  • Low denstiy Lipo-Protein A lipo-protein that
    carries cholesterol made by the liver through the
    bloodstream to body cells.
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