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Globalization

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Globalization Giving freer rein to the operations of private (capitalist) enterprise through neoliberal policies Liberalization Deregulation Privatization – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Globalization


1
  • Globalization
  • Giving freer rein to the operations of private
    (capitalist) enterprise through neoliberal
    policies
  • Liberalization
  • Deregulation
  • Privatization
  • Fiscal austerity
  • Tight credit
  • Who gains at whose expense?

2
Slowdown of World Economy
In the last decade, at least one major financial
crisis erupted somewhere in the world every two
or three years Japan in 1990, Mexico, Argentina
and Brazil in 1994-95, East Asia in 1997-98,
Russia and Brazil in 1998-99, and so on.
3
Global Inequality
4
In 2003, there were 185.9 million people with no
jobs
  • Highest unemployment figure ever recorded- ILO

6.2 of total global labour force
5
  • "This deteriorating world employment picture and
    the prospect of a weak or delayed recovery is
    very disturbing. A continuation of these trends
    will dramatically increase the number of
    unemployed and working poor. A full-scale global
    recession could have grave consequences for the
    social and political stability of large parts of
    the world.
  • - Juan Somavia
  • Dir. Gen. of ILO, 2004

6
Among the world's unemployed, some 108.1 million
were men, up 600,000 from the year 2002. Among
women, there was a slight decline, from 77.9
million in 2002 to 77.8 million in 2003
7
Hardest hit were some 88.2 million young people
aged 15-24 who faced a crushing unemployment rate
of 14.4 per cent
8
The so-called "informal economy" involving
persons without fixed employment continued to
increase in countries with low GDP growth rates
fujitsu cut jobs up to 20,000 alcatel- 17,000
siemens-15,000
the number of "working poor" - or persons living
on the equivalent of US 1 per day or less - held
steady in 2003, at an estimated 550 million.
9
Regional Trends
  • In industrialized countries jobs are sluggish,
    employment growth decreased between 2000 and
    2002, increasing part time and temporary workes
  • In transition economies unemployment climbed
    from almost zero before integration in the global
    economy to 10 across the region
  • In the Third World countries rapid increase in
    informal sector as unemployment increase
  • In the Middle East and Africa regions with
    highest unemployment rate of 12.2 and 10.9,
    respectively

10
High unemployment rate in the Philippines is
perennial
11
In the Philippines
  • Last year, the highest level of unemployment rate
    ever recorded since 1957 was recorded at 12.7
    with 4.3 million Filipinos out of work
  • But this figure is even conservative,
  • 5 to 8 million Filipinos forced to work
    outside the country
  • 16.5 million Filipinos aged 15 yrs. Old and
    above who are not included in the labor force
  • 6.2 million underemployed
  • 4.3 million open unemployment figure
  • 35 million Filipinos who cannot find employment
    inside their country or almost 70 of the
    potential labor force

12
Globalization massive unemployment in a global
scale
13
Neoliberal Globalization
  • At the Macro level
  • Privatization
  • Liberalization
  • Deregulation
  • denationalization
  • At the Micro-enterprise level
  • Flexible production
  • Flexible labor

14
Flexible production means striving for five zeros
  • Zero delay
  • Zero default
  • Zero production
  • Zero paper
  • Zero cost

15
Imperialism Destroying Employment
KMU Education Department February 1,
2004 International Consultation on Youth
Education and Employment
16
Massive lay-offs
  • In the US
  • Arvin Industries (automotive components)-streamli
    ned 10 of employees
  • Union Carbide- re-engineered production,
    administration and distribution system and
    trimmed 13,900 workers
  • GTE- laid off 17,000 workers
  • NYNEX Corp- laid off 16,800 workers
  • Pacific Telesis- laid off 10,000 workers
  • ATT- laid off 77,000 managers
  • Bankcorp- laid off 8,000 workers

17
Massive lay offs
  • In Germany
  • Siemens- laid off 16,000 employees and 15,000
    workers around the world during the bursting of
    the Tech Bubble
  • In Sweden ICA food coop- eliminated 5,000
    employees
  • In the Philippines
  • 768,862 laid off workers due to closure of
    establishments (economic reasons)

18
Jobless Growth
  • 3.8 M unemployed 11.2 unemployment rate
    (highest in 40 years!)
  • Nearly half of employed are own-account workers
    or unpaid family labor (informal sector)
  • Nearly 40 of employed are part-time
  • At least 20 are contractual/temporary
  • around 2,700 Filipinos leave for overseas jobs
    daily ? 7 to 8 million Filipinos are OFWs
  • Around 1,600 mothers daughters leave their own
    families to work abroad as nannies, caregivers,
    nurses, factory workers, entertainers, etc.

19
Inhumanely Low Wages
280
532
-252
NCR
20
Labor Contractualization
  • Encouraging contractualization has led to the
    termination and replacement of regular employees
    with contractual workers. Now more and more
    workers are
  • denied job security (even for jobs that are
    clearly necessary and desirable to the
    company)
  • paid lower wages with little or no benefits
  • deprived of sufficient training and information
    on health and safety conditions at the workplace,
    thus, impairing their productivity and
    jeopardizing their health and safety at the
    workplace
  • denied their right to form and join unions,
    participate in collective bargaining, and wield
    their right to strike.

21
Table 2. Sample Daily Minimum Food Basket for a
Family of 6 in NCR(Source Average of
prices from 3 wet markets in MM)
Item Gastos
1 can evaporated milk 1 kilo chicken 3 pcs. Eggs 2 kilos rice ½ kilo potatoes ½ kilo assorted vegetables 6 pcs. bananas 150 gms. Sugar ¾ cup cooking oil Salt, garlic, onions Kerosene TOTAL 23.6 97.5 6 40 20 17.5 12 3.6 9.125 8 10 247.33
22
Social Implications of Low Wages
  • Of every 100 students that enter elementary
    schooling, only 65 manage to graduate. Of these
    only 47 eventually graduate from high school.
    Children are withdrawn from school in order to
    augment the family income or at least cut down on
    family spending.
  • Over 4 million Filipino children are working to
    augment the meager incomes of their families or
    forced to eke out a living on their own.
  • Unable to afford secure housing, 40 of the
    country's "urban" population live in slum or
    squatter communities.

23
Social Implications of Low Wages
  • In Metro Manila alone, 591 squatter colonies have
    been identified with a total population of 2.5
    million, representing nearly one-third of the
    entire metropolitan population
  • 1 in 4 Filipinos are afflicted with tuberculosis
    and 68 Filipinos die of the disease every day. A
    minimum wage earner cant even afford the cost
    of TB treatment even with a full month's earnings
    solely devoted to its payment.
  • There are also social tensions that build up as
    the pressure to make ends meet carries with it
    other costs such as higher incidence of
    depression, drug use, sexual violence, child
    abuse and criminality.

24
Inhumane Working Conditions
  • Forced Overtime (10-12 hour shifts)
  • Unreasonable Company Rules Regulations
  • UTI, fatigue, etc.
  • Discrimination (young, female with pleasing
    personality)
  • Virginity Tests
  • Lay-off or lie-down

25
Workers Repression
  • out of 6 ILO core labour standards, firms comply
    least with ILO Convention Nos. 87 and 98 or the
    freedom of association and the protection of the
    right to organize. The same survey revealed that
    lack of management sincerity was ranked third
    (3rd) by management respondents among the factors
    that hindered compliance to core labour standards
  • Discriminatory hiring
  • Anti-union campaigns, intimidation, bribery
  • Complicity of government officials (no serious
    enforcement of labor standards, etc.)

26
From long-boom to long-downturn
27
Overproduction Financial Speculation
  • In 1976, 80 of all international transactions
    involved the buying and selling of goods and
    services. By 1997 only 2.5 of international
    transactions involved the buying and selling of
    the same some 97.5 were for speculation
  • In the last decade, at least one major financial
    crisis erupted somewhere in the world every two
    or three years Japan in 1990, Mexico, Argentina
    and Brazil in 1994-95, East Asia in 1997-98,
    Russia and Brazil in 1998-99, and so on.
  • These crises have severe and enduring adverse
    impacts on working people while multinational
    creditor banks and financial speculators make a
    killing, literally and figuratively.

28
Third World Debt
  • Cumulative debt service from 1980-2000
    US4.2 trillion.
  • total debt stock has grown 33 times in just 3
    decades. Now over US2.4 trillion
  • 3W debt stock is now equivalent to 40 of the
    combined gross national incomes of these
    countries, from just over 10 in 1970.

29
Destruction of Productive Forces
Accumulation of wealth at one pole is at the
same time accumulation of toil, slavery,
ignorance, brutality, mental degradation, at the
opposite pole. - Karl Marx
  • Global unemployment 160 M as of 2000.
  • 3 B or 1/3 of the worlds labour force are either
    unemployed, underemployed or earn less than is
    needed to keep their families out of poverty.
  • a growing share of the working population is
    forced into lower-income and insecure forms of
    employment. In unindustrialized countries, more
    and more people are forced to survive in the
    informal sector where earnings are low and
    erratic and labor standards are not enforced.
  • 1.2 B live on less than US1 a day, around 1.1
    billion people lack access to safe drinking
    water, and 2.4 billion lack access to improved
    sanitation

30
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