Kinds of Paragraphs

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Kinds of Paragraphs

• Four types of paragraphs
• Narrative Persuasive
• Descriptive Expository

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Kinds of Paragraphs

• Narrative Paragraphs
• tell a story
• Descriptive Paragraphs
• offer specific details and sensory images to
• give a picture
• Persuasive Paragraphs
• express an opinion or try to convince reader
• Expository Paragraphs
• presents facts, opinions, definition of
  terms, and
• examples to inform the reader about a
  specific topic.

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Organization of Paragraphs

• Each sentence in a paragraph fits together around
  a single, central idea.
• The sentences with details can be organized
  differently.
• Knowing some of the ways the details in
• paragraphs are organized can help you in
• several ways

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Organization of Paragraphs

• See what is important and whats not.
• Understand the authors purpose.
• Remember what you read.

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Ways of Organizing Paragraphs

• Time Order
• - Chronological order
• Location Order
• - Geographic or spatial order
• Cause Effect Order
• - Problem solution
• Comparison Contrast Order
• - similarities and differences

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Ways of Organizing Paragraphs

• Cause Effect Order
• - Problem solution
• Comparison Contrast Order
• - Similarities and differences

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Time Order Series of Events

• From Call of the Wild by Jack London
• But Dave held out till camp was reached
  when his driver mad a place for him by the fire.
  Morning found him too weak to travel. At
  harness-up time, he tried to crawl to his driver.
  By convulsive efforts, he got on his feet,
  staggered, and fell. Then he wormed his way
  forward slowly toward where the harnesses were
  being put on his mates. He would advance his
  forelegs and drag up his body with a sort of
  hitching movement when he would advance his
  forelegs and hitch ahead again a few more inches.
  His strength left him, and the last his mates
  saw of him he lay gasping in the snow and
  yearning toward them. But they could hear him
  mournfully howling till they passed out of sight
  behind a belt of river timber.

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Series of Events

• 1. Camp was reached.
• 2. Morning found Dave weak.
• 3. At harness-up time, Dave was too weak to
• run.
• 4. Then he wormed his way forward.
• 5. The last his mates saw of him, he lay
• gasping in the snow.
• 6. They heard him howling as they passed out of
  sight.

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Location Order Some paragraphs move in an
organized way from one location to another.

• From The Cay by Theodore Taylor
• I was asleep on the second floor of our
  narrow, gabled green house in Willemstad, on the
  island of Curacao, the largest of the Dutch
  islands just off the coast of Venezuela. I
  remember that on that moonless night in
  February1942, they attacked the big Lago oil
  refinery on Aruba, the sister island west of us.
  Then they blew up six of our small lake tankers,
  the tubby ones that still bring crude oil from
  Lake Maracaibo to the refinery, Curacaosche
  Petroleum Maatschappij, to be made into gasoline,
  kerosene, and diesel oil. One German sub was
  even sighted off Willemstad at dawn.

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Cause Effect Order

• from Slavery in the United States by Charles Ball
• When the slave traders put us in
  irons, to be sent to our place of confinement in
  the ship, the men who fastened the irons on these
  mothers, took the children out of their hands and
  threw them over the side of the ship into the
  water. When this was done, two of the women
  leaped overboard after the children the third
  was already confined by a chain to another woman
  and could not get into the water, but in
  struggling to disengage herself, she broke her
  arm, and died a few days after, of a fever. One
  of the two women who were in the river, was
  carried down by the weight of her irons before
  she could be rescued but the other was taken up
  by some men in a boat and brought on board. This
  woman threw herself overboard one night when we
  were at sea.

Cause
Three effects
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Cause Effect Organizer
Men threw Children overboard
1. Two women leaped overboard after their
children.
2. Another woman broke her arm and later died.
3. One rescued woman threw herself overboard
again.
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Order of Importance

• When a paragraph is organized by order of
  importance, the writer may begin with the most
  important idea and mover to the least important
  idea.
• Or, the writer can begin with examples and
  details, and build up to the larger, more
  important idea.

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Most Important to Least Important
Main Ideas

• From Creating America
• As the Native Americans of the Plains
  battled to be free, the buffalo herds that they
  depended upon for survival dwindled. At one
  time, 30 million buffalo roamed the Plains.
  However, hired hunters killed the animals to feed
  crews building railroads. Others shot buffalo as
  a sport or to supply factories with leather for
  robes, shoes, and belts. From 1872 to 1882,
  hunters killed more than one million buffalo each
  year.

Four Details
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Most Important Idea First

• Main Idea Buffalo herds dwindled.
• ________________________________________

Detail 1 30 million buffalo Roaming the
Plains.
Detail 4 Between 1872 And 1882, more Than one
Million killed each Year.
Detail 2 Killed to feed Crews Building
the Railroad.
Detail 3 Killed for sport Or to be used For
shoes, robes, Or belts
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Least Important to Most Important

• From Creating America
• During the height of the fur trade, mountain
  men
• worked some streams so heavily that they killed
• off the animals. This forced the trappers to
  search
• for new streams where beaver lived. The mountain
• mens explorations provided Americans with some
• of the earliest firsthand knowledge of the Far
  West.
• This knowledge, and the trails the mountain men
  blazed,
• made it possible for later pioneers to move west.

Three Details
Main Idea
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Least Important to Most Important

• Most important Idea last

Detail 1
Mountain men killed off all animals in some
places.
Detail 2
Trappers searched for new streams where beaver
lived.
Detail 3
Explorations led to earliest firsthand knowledge
of Far West.
Main Idea
Mountain men blazed the first trails that allowed
pioneers to move west.
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Comparison Contrast Order

• When a paragraph follows comparison contrast
  order, the writer shows how one thing is like or
  unlike another.
• In the following paragraph, the writer compares
  something unfamiliar (wolves) with something that
  is familiar (dogs).

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Comparison-Contrast Order

• From Gray Wolf, Red Wolf by Dorothy Hinshaw
  Patent
• Wolves look similar to German shepherd
  and husky dogs, but their legs are longer, their
  chests are narrower, and their feet are bigger.
  Wolf tails generally hang down, while dog tails
  often curl up over their backs. Wolves have a
  scent gland located on the top of their tails
  that dogs lack.

Subject of comparison
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Comparison Contrast Order

• Wolves vs. Dogs

Part Wolves Dogs
Legs Longer Shorter
Chests Narrower Smaller
Feet Bigger Smaller
Tail Hangs down Curls upward
Scent Special scent Gland No scent gland in tail
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Classification Order

• When one or more paragraphs follow classification
  order, the writer tries to show broad
  similarities.
• Writers often need to name categories to make it
  clear how one group is alike or different from
  another.

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Classification Order

• From Big Blue Ocean by Bill Nye
• Up high and shallow, or down low and deep,
  everywhere you go in the ocean you find living
  things. And fish arent the only things out
  there. Birds (like penguins), reptiles (like sea
  turtles), mammals (like whales), not to mention
  tons of animals without backbones, called
  invertebrates in-VERT-uh-brits (like squid),
  and tons and tons of plants (like seaweed) all
  depend on the ocean to survive.

Main Categories
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Classification Paragraphs

• Classification paragraphs are like a chart put
  into words.
• Living things in the ocean

Birds Reptiles Mammals Invertebrate Plants
Penquins Sea turtles Whales Squid seaweed