O'Brien MIS, 6th Ed.

1
Informatics in Logistics Management
Lecturer Prof. Anatoly Sachenko
2
Lecture Overview

• Definition and Importance
• Scope of logistic support management
• Standards
• Integrated Logistics Support Elements
• Adoption
• Benefits and Value of ILS
• Implementing an ILS Solution
• Overview of ILS Process Requirements
• System Engineering Process
• TOC and CAIV
• Logistics Support Analysis

3
Definition

• Integrated logistics support (ILS)
• is an integrated approach to the management of
  logistic disciplines in the military,
• similar to commercial product support or
  customer service organizations
• Although originally developed for military
  purposes, it is applied by the private sector as
  well

4
Definition

• Two popular definitions
• 1. ILS is a management function that provides
  planning, funding, and functioning controls which
  help to assure that the system meets performance
  requirements, is developed at a reasonable price,
  and can be supported throughout its life cycle
• 2. ILS encompasses the unified management of
  the technical logistics elements that plan and
  develop the support requirements for a system.
  This can include hardware, software, and the
  provisioning of training and maintenance
  resources.

5
Definition

• Integrated definition
• A disciplined, unified and iterative approach to
  the management and technical activities necessary
  to
• (1) integrate support considerations into system
  and equipment design
• (2) develop support requirements that are
  related consistently to readiness objectives, to
  design, and to each other
• (3) acquire the required support and
• (4) provide the required support during the
  operational phase at minimum cost.

6
Definition

• In general, ILS plans and directs the
  identification and development of logistics
  support and system requirements for military
  systems, with the goal of creating systems that
  last longer and require less support.
• ILS therefore, addresses these aspects of
  supportability not only during acquisition, but
  also throughout the operational life cycle of the
  system.
• The impact of ILS is often measured in terms of
  metrics such as Reliability, Availability,
  Maintainability and Testability (RAMT), and
  sometimes System Safety (RAMS).

7
Importance

• In the world of Aerospace Defense programs,
  Sustainment Supportability have become a major
  cost consideration within complex systems.
• These two facets of the AD product lifecycle are
  now being carefully considered and, in some
  cases, are being given more consideration than
  the initial purchase price when making the
  acquisition decision.
• In fact, the total lifecycle cost is quickly
  displacing initial system or equipment cost as
  the criteria for awarding contracts.

8
Importance

• For many of the worlds top AD firms, the
  solution to the Sustainability and Supportability
  issue lies in Integrated Logistics Support (ILS)
• By installing and applying ILS tools and
  processes, AD firms are able to significantly
  lower sustainment costs, such that theyre able
  to easily differentiate their products in
  competitive situations, and win more profitable
  contracts
• Read on and discover how ILS is reshaping the way
  AD companies are now managing sustainment as
  part of the overall lifecycle

9
Scope of logistic support management
10
Definition
11
Scope of logistic support management
12
Standards

• ILS has been categorized by the United Kingdom
  Ministry of Defense (UK MoD) Through Life Support
  (TLS) Directorate into
• Reliability Engineering, Maintainability
  Engineering and Maintenance (preventive,
  predictive and corrective) Planning
• Supply Support (Spare part) / acquire resources
• Support and Test Equipment
• Manpower and Personnel

13
Standards

• Training and Training Support
• Technical Data / Publications
• Computer Resources Support
• Facilities
• Packaging, Handling, Storage, and Transportation
  
• Design Interface

14
Standards

• In USA initial efforts to collect logistics
  information in a standardized way were
  accomplished by the US Army with the issuance of
  MIL-STD-1388-2B
• MIL-STD-1388 was eventually replaced by
  MIL-PRF-49506 Logistics Management Information
• This change reflected a shift towards identifying
  a projects performance outcomes, rather than
  recording the detailed technique to achieve them.

15
Standards in Europe

• In Europe, the Ministry of Defence of the United
  Kingdom adapted the specification to meet their
  own needs and issued DEF-STAN-00-60
• This was the first specification to formally link
  the previously separate disciplines of
  Provisioning, LSA and Technical Publications
  under a common specification, and also the first
  to attempt to formalize a product lifecycle as
  part of an acquisition process

16
Integrated Logistics Support Elements

• All elements of ILS are ideally developed in
  coordination with the system engineering effort
  and with each other
• Tradeoffs may be required between elements in
  order to acquire a system that is affordable
  (lowest life cycle cost), operable, supportable,
  sustainable, transportable, and environmentally
  sound
• The planning for ILS for a system may be
  contained in an Integrated Logistics Support Plan
  (ILSP)
• ILS planning activities coincide with development
  of the system acquisition strategy, and the
  program will be tailored accordingly

17
Integrated Logistics Support Elements
18
Adoption

• Influence on Design. ILS will provide important
  means to identify (as early as possible)
  reliability issues / problems and can initiate
  system or part design improvements based on
  reliability, maintainability, testability or
  system availability analysis (for example by the
  proper use of detailed functional and/or piece
  part FMECA techniques, Event tree and Fault tree
  analysis / assessments, Reliability Block
  Diagrams, Importance measurements, Reliability
  centered maintenance (RCM) / Maintenance steering
  Group 3 and Monte Carlo techniques).

19
Adoption

• Design of the Support Solution for minimum cost.
  Ensuring that the Support Solution considers and
  integrates the elements considered by ILS. This
  is discussed fully below.

20
Adoption

• Initial Support Package. These tasks include
  calculation of requirements for spare parts,
  special tools, and documentation. Quantities
  required for a specified initial period are
  calculated, procured, and delivered to support
  delivery, installation in some of the cases, and
  operation of the equipment.

21
Overview of ILS Process Requirements

• The Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) process
  provides the basis for the ILS program. Through
  the LSA, the source data and maintenance plans
  are generated and documented.
• The LSA is designed both to examine the product
  design and to recommend improvements in design
  that can result in increased maintainability,
  reliability and supportability of the equipment
  or system.

22
Overview of ILS Process Requirements

• This is accomplished by defining and recommending
  changes in design that will result in
• 1. Reduced time to perform maintenance
• 2. Greater reliability of components
• 3. Maintenance procedures requiring little or no
  specialized support equipment or specialized
  training

23
System Engineering Process
24
TOC and CAIV

• Total Ownership Cost (TOC) and Cost As an
  Independent Variable (CAIV). TOC is the sum of
  all life cycle costs and the cost of the
  supporting infrastructure that plans and manages
  an asset. Over 50 of the TOC is incurred during
  the sustainment of an asset. One of the primary
  goals of logistics and the systems engineering
  process is to provide a system and support at a
  reasonable/right cost.

25
TOC and CAIV

• As much as 80 of the TOC is determined during
  the initial acquisition. The application of TOC
  procedures through tradeoffs can greatly reduce
  the out-year costs while maximizing operational
  effectiveness. Program managers and personnel
  tasked with acquiring Coast Guard assets shall
  make the reduction of TOC one of the key
  components of the acquisition.

26
TOC and CAIV

• The CAIV concept is based on setting aggressive
  (low), realistic cost objectives and managing to
  achieve them by conducting trade-off analyses
  that consider cost, performance, schedule, and
  supportability. The objectives must balance
  operational needs with projected out-year
  resources. The key principles are
• Set realistic but aggressive cost objectives
  (defined as ranges) early in the acquisition.
• Manage risk to achieve cost, schedule,
  performance, and life cycle support objectives.

27
TOC and CAIV

• Use metrics to track progress in setting and
  achieving the cost objectives.
• Make use of tools such as cost estimating,
  requirements analysis, tradeoff risk analysis,
  Pareto analysis (focus on biggest payback items),
  and Value Engineering (identify reductions where
  cost and performance are out of balance).
• Motivate managers and industry and provide
  incentives for meeting program objectives.

28
TOC and CAIV
29
Logistics Support Analysis

• When the optimum design is defined, other ILS
  elements, such as training, technical publication
  and provisioning, are planned, guided and
  completed. This process ensures that the
  maintenance protocol will meet the program
  maintenance concept. It also ensures that
  supportability requirements are considered and
  incorporated into the design of the equipment or
  system early in the product design phase.

30
Logistics Support Analysis

• The ILS process typically begins with an LSA
  Plan. This document gathers and defines program
  requirements and objectives. This plan would
  detail the activities to be accomplished to
  ensure that these requirements and objectives
  will be met. The plan would include the
  scheduling of LSA activities relative to program
  scheduled events, such as the Preliminary and
  Critical Design Reviews.

31
Logistics Support Analysis

• The LSA is not an isolated, internally-based
  activity. Instead, it requires data/input from
  subcontractors, vendors, engineering, and the
  customer. At a high level, there are specific
  areas that are included in LSA. These include
• 1. Maintenance Planning
• 2. Supply Support
• 3. Support and Test Equipment/Equipment Support
• 4. Manpower and Personnel

32
Logistics Support Analysis

• 5. Training and Training Support
• 6. Technical Data
• 7. Computer Resources Support
• 8. Facilities
• 9. Packaging, Handling, Storage and
  Transportation
• 10. Design Interface

33
Maintenance planning

• Maintenance planning begins early in the
  acquisition process with development of the
  maintenance concept. It is conducted to evolve
  and establish requirements and tasks to be
  accomplished for achieving, restoring, and
  maintaining the operational capability for the
  life of the system. Maintenance planning relies
  on Level Of Repair Analysis (LORA) as a function
  of the system acquisition process. Its planning
  will
• Define the actions and support necessary to
  ensure that the system attains the specified
  system readiness objectives with minimum Life
  Cycle Cost (LCC).

34
Maintenance planning

• Set up specific criteria for repair, including
  Built-In Test Equipment (BITE) requirements,
  testability, reliability, and maintainability
  support equipment requirements automatic test
  equipment and manpower skills and facility
  requirements.
• State specific maintenance tasks, to be
  performed on the system.
• Define actions and support required for fielding
  and marketing the system.
• Address warranty considerations.

35
Maintenance planning

• The maintenance concept must ensure prudent use
  of manpower and resources. When formulating the
  maintenance concept, analysis of the proposed
  work environment on the health and safety of
  maintenance personnel must be considered.
• Conduct a LORA repair analysis to optimize the
  support system, in terms of LCC, readiness
  objectives, design for discard, maintenance task
  distribution, support equipment and ATE, and
  manpower and personnel requirements.
• Minimize the use of hazardous materials and the
  generation of waste.

36
Supply support

• Supply support encompasses all management
  actions, procedures, and techniques used to
  determine requirements to
• Acquire support items and spare parts.
• Catalog the items.
• Receive the items.
• Store and warehouse the items.
• Transfer the items to where they are needed.

37
Supply support

• Issue the items.
• Dispose of secondary items.
• Provide for initial support of the system.
• Acquire, distribute, and replenish inventory.

38
Support and test equipment

• Support and test equipment includes all
  equipment, mobile and fixed, that is required to
  perform the support functions, except that
  equipment which is an integral part of the
  system. Support equipment categories include
• Handling and Maintenance Equipment.
• Tools (hand tools as well as power tools).
• Metrology and measurement devices.
• Calibration equipment.
• Test equipment.

39
Support and test equipment

• Automatic test equipment.
• Support equipment for on- and off-equipment
  maintenance.
• Special inspection equipment and depot
  maintenance plant equipment, which includes all
  equipment and tools required to assemble,
  disassemble, test, maintain, and support the
  production and/or depot repair of end items or
  components.

40
Manpower and personnel

• Manpower and personnel involves identification
  and acquisition of personnel with skills and
  grades required to operate and maintain a system
  over its lifetime. Manpower requirements are
  developed and personnel assignments are made to
  meet support demands throughout the life cycle of
  the system. Manpower requirements are based on
  related ILS elements. Human factors engineering
  (HFE) or behavioral research is frequently
  applied to ensure a good man-machine interface.

41
Manpower and personnel

• Manpower requirements are predicated on
  accomplishing the logistics support mission in
  the most efficient and economical way. This
  element includes such requirements during
  planning and decision process
• Man-machine and environmental interface
• Special skills
• Human factors considerations during the planning
  and decision process

42
Training and training devices

• Training and training devices support encompasses
  the processes, procedures, techniques, training
  devices, and equipment used to train personnel to
  operate and support a system. This element
  defines requirements for the training of
  operating and support personnel throughout the
  life cycle of the system.

43
Training and training devices

• It includes requirements for
• Competencies management
• Factory training
• Instructor and key personnel training
• New equipment training team
• Resident training
• Sustainment training
• User training

44
Technical data

• Technical Data and Technical Publications
  consists of scientific or technical information
  necessary to translate system requirements into
  discrete engineering and logistic support
  documentation. Technical data is used in the
  development of repair manuals, maintenance
  manuals, user manuals, and other documents that
  are used to operate or support the system.

45
Technical data

• Technical data includes, but may not be limited
  to
• Technical manuals
• Technical and supply bulletins
• Transportability guidance technical manuals
• Maintenance expenditure limits and calibration
  procedures
• Repair parts and tools lists
• Maintenance allocation charts
• Corrective maintenance instructions
• Preventive maintenance and Predictive
  maintenance instructions

46
Technical data

• Drawings/specifications/technical data packages
• Software documentation
• Provisioning documentation
• Depot maintenance work requirements
• Identification lists
• Component lists
• Product support data
• Flight safety critical parts list for aircraft
• Lifting and tie down pamphlet/references

47
Computer resources support

• Computer Resources Support includes the
  facilities, hardware, software, documentation,
  manpower, and personnel needed to operate and
  support computer systems and the software within
  those systems. Computer resources include both
  stand-alone and embedded systems. This element is
  usually planned, developed, implemented, and
  monitored by a Computer Resources Working Group
  (CRWG) or Computer Resources Integrated Product
  Team (CR-IPT) that documents the approach and
  tracks progress via a Computer Resources
  Life-Cycle Management Plan (CRLCMP).

48
Computer resources support

• Developers will need to ensure that planning
  actions and strategies contained in the ILSP and
  CRLCMP are complementary and that computer
  resources support for the operational software,
  and ATE software, support software, is available
  where and when needed.

49
Packaging, handling, storage, and transportation
(PHST)

• PHST includes resources and procedures to ensure
  that all equipment and support items are
  preserved, packaged, packed, marked, handled,
  transported, and stored properly for short- and
  long-term requirements. It includes
  material-handling equipment and packaging,
  handling and storage requirements, and
  pre-positioning of material and parts.
• System constraints (such as design
  specifications, item configuration, and safety
  precautions for hazardous material)

50
Packaging, handling, storage, and transportation
(PHST)

• Special security requirements
• Geographic and environmental restrictions
• Special handling equipment and procedures
• Impact on spare or repair parts storage
  requirements
• Emerging PHST technologies, methods, or
  procedures and resource-intensive PHST
  procedures
• Environmental impacts and constraints

51
Facilities

• The Facilities logistics element is composed of a
  variety of planning activities, all of which are
  directed toward ensuring that all required
  permanent or semi-permanent operating and support
  facilities (for instance, training, field and
  depot maintenance, storage, operational, and
  testing) are available concurrently with system
  fielding. Planning must be comprehensive and
  include the need for new construction as well as
  modifications to existing facilities.

52
Facilities

• It also includes studies to define and establish
  impacts on life cycle cost, funding requirements,
  facility locations and improvements, space
  requirements, environmental impacts, duration or
  frequency of use, safety and health standards
  requirements, and security restrictions. Also
  included are any utility requirements, for both
  fixed and mobile facilities, with emphasis on
  limiting requirements of resources.

53
Design interface

• Design interface is the relationship of
  logistics-related design parameters of the system
  to its projected or actual support resource
  requirements. These design parameters are
  expressed in operational terms rather than as
  inherent values and specifically relate to system
  requirements and support costs of the system.
  Programs such as "design for testability" and
  "design for discard" must be considered during
  system design.

54
Design interface

• The basic requirements
• Reliability
• Maintainability
• Standardization
• Interoperability
• Safety
• Security Usability
• Environmental and HAZMAT
• Privacy, particularly for computer systems

55
Benefits and Value of ILS

• This data, if developed in an integrated
  logistics environment, will be used as part of
  the analysis and design improvement process. It
  will then be leveraged to produce the training,
  provisioning and technical publications required
  to support the system or equipment. Here are some
  specific examples of realized benefits
• Initial Design Improvements
• Provisioning Data
• Technical Publications
• Training and eLearning

56
Implementing an ILS Solution Pitfalls of
aPoint-Solution Approach

• It is clear that ILS offers tremendous benefits
  to manufacturers, hence its adoption as a best
  practice for the AD industry. Since compliance
  is increasingly being demanded by customers, the
  question that needs to be answered is What are
  the most common pitfalls in an ILS
  implementation, and how can they be overcome?

57
Implementing an ILS Solution Pitfalls of
aPoint-Solution Approach

• To meet ILS requirements, organizations must
  deploy specialized and highly structured
  solutions with such core elements
• a basic LSA sub-system
• a provisioning sub-system
• a technical publication development sub-system
• a training/eLearning solution sub-system
• an information publishing delivery system

58
Implementing an ILS Solution Pitfalls of
aPoint-Solution Approach

• Even when a point solution is architected and
  deployed within an organization, it is often
  incomplete and lacks the necessary automation.
  Thus, organizations are left to define the
  processes of
• 1. Accessing and reusing design information in
  the various sub-systems
• 2. Creating graphics and illustrations specific
  to product configurations
• 3. Triggering documentation updates when designs
  or configurations change

59
References

• James V. Jones. Integrated Logistics Support
  Handbook. McGraw-Hill Logistics Series, 2006. -
  528 p.
• Blanchard B.S. System Engineering Management,
  Prentice-Hall. 1998.
• Blanchard B.S., Fabrycky W.J. Systems Engineering
  and Analysis, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall. 1998.
• Ebeling C. An Introduction to Reliability and
  Maintainability Engineering, McGraw-Hill. 1996.
• Mark Willis. System Supportability Engineering
  SMART Integrated Logistics Support. 14th
  International Mirce Symposium, 1-3 December 2004,
  Woodbury Park, Exeter, UK.

60
Handbooks

• MIL-HDBK-217, Reliability Prediction of
  Electronic Equipment, U.S. Department of Defense.
• MIL-HDBK-338B, Electronic Reliability Design
  Handbook, U.S. Department of Defense.
• MIL-HDBK-781A, Reliability Test Methods, Plans,
  and Environments for Engineering Development,
  Qualification, and Production, U.S. Department of
  Defense.
• NASA PRA - Probabilistic Risk Assessment Handbook
• NASA Fault Tree Assessment handbook

61
Standards

• Army Regulation 700-127 Integrated Logistics
  Support, 27 September 2007
• British Defence Standard 00-600 Integrated
  Logistics Support for MOD Projects
• Federal Standard 1037C in support of MIL-STD-188
• MIL-STD-785, Reliability Program for Systems and
  Equipment Development and Production, U.S.
  Department of Defense.
• MIL-STD 1388-1A Logistic Support Analysis (LSA)
• MIL-STD 1388-2B Requirements for a Logistic
  Support Analysis Record
• MIL-STD-1629A, Procedures for Performing a
  Failure Mode, Effects and criticality analysis