Pregnancy and Early Development

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Pregnancy and Early Development
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STEP ONE Fertilization

• Union of egg and sperm cell to form one cell
  (zygote) in the female fallopian tube.
• Zygote travels to the female uterus. During this
  time it begins dividing into multiple cells.

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Step Two Embryo Implants in the Uterus

• From the time of fertilization through the first
  eight weeks of development is called an Embryo
• Implementation occurs when the embryo travels
  from the fallopian tube and embeds in the wall of
  the uterus

Human Embryo 5-6 Weeks of Development
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Placenta Supports the Baby

• The placenta supplies nutrients, oxygen, and
  removes waste from the developing human
• Umbilical Cord connects the embryo/fetus to the
  placenta

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Stages of Pregnancy
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1st Trimester

• Major growth and change occur
• Heart starts beating
• Arm leg buds appear
• Eyes brain begin to develop
• Bones muscles develop
• Brain waves detected

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Fetus

• Start of the 9th week until delivery
• Begin to take on more human characteristics

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2nd Trimester

• Months 4-6
• Organ systems continue to develop
• 4 months kick
• Male or female known
• Hear and recognize sounds
• Hair forms
• Facial features
• Can survive premature at this time

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3rd Trimester

• Months 7-9
• Gains most of its weight (approx. 5 pounds)
• Can grasp with hands

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Multiple Births

• IDENTICAL TWINS
• One egg One sperm
• Divides after fertilization to form 2 zygotes
• Same genetic material same sex

• FRATERNAL TWINS
• Two eggs Two sperm
• Most common
• Usually separate sexes

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Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy

• Avoid alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy
  (caffeine and tobacco) and exposure to cigarette
  smoke
• Maintain a nutritious diet (450 calories)

• Prenatal Vitamins provided by healthcare provider
• Exercise
• Have all medical conditions evaluated

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Problems During Pregnancy

• Miscarriage- death of fetus from natural
  complications prior to the 20th week of pregnancy
• Premature Birth- Early Birth
• Ectopic Pregnancy- implementation of the
  fertilized egg in the fallopian tube
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- set of birth defects
  affecting a fetus and caused by exposure to
  alcohol

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Stages of Childbirth

• Fetus drops to a lower position
• one month prior to childbirth
• First Stage Dilation
• Second Stage Expulsion
• Third Stage Placental
• Types of Childbirth
• Natural
• Cesarean Section (C Section)