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3rd Nine Weeks Review

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3rd Nine Weeks Review Chapter 8 1. Write the equation for photosynthesis. Circle the reactants. Put a square around the products. 2. Define an autotroph. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 3rd Nine Weeks Review


1
3rd Nine Weeks Review
2
Chapter 8
3
1. Write the equation for photosynthesis. Circle
the reactants. Put a square around the products.
4
2. Define an autotroph.
  • An organism that produces its own food.

5
3. Define a heterotroph.
  • An organism that needs other organisms for food

6
4. What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
  • endergonic

7
5. Why are leaves flat?
  • So sunlight can penetrate the photosynthetic
    material

8
Chapter 9
9
6. Describe glycolysis.
  • The first step in releasing the energy of
    glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken
    into two molecules of pyruvic acid

10
7. What is the relationship of glucose in
photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
  • Photosynthesis makes glucose and cellular
    respiration uses it for energy

11
8. _______________ is the final electron acceptor
in the electron transport chain.
Oxygen
12
9. Which requires energy, active transport,
osmosis, glycolysis, or phagocytosis?
  • All except osmosis

13
Chapter 19
14
10. Define prokaryote.
  • A cell without a nucleus

15
11. Draw and label a T4 bacteriophage.
16
  • Describe the lytic and lysogenic cycle.

17
13. AIDS is a retrovirus. What is a retrovirus?
  • A virus that has RNA as its genetic information

18
14. How do you prevent spread of viruses?
  • Prevention
  • Using vaccines

19
15. What instrument would you use to see a virus?
  • Because they are so small, an electron microscope
    is needed

20
16. Evaluate the medical and economic importance
of viruses. Be sure to list some diseases caused
by viruses.
  • Possibly used for gene therapy
  • Diseases
  • Chicken pox
  • polio

21
17. List the two bacteria kingdoms. Describe the
characteristics of each kingdom
  • Archaebacteria
  • Do not contain peptidoglycan
  • Like harsh environments
  • Eubacteria
  • Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
  • larger

22
18. Label the bacteria.
flagellum
DNA
ribosomes
Cell membrane
peptidoglycan
Cell wall
Pili
23
19. List and describe the shapes of bacteria.
  • Bacilli-rod shaped
  • Cocci-sphere or round shaped
  • Spirilla-spiral shaped

24
20. State the four parts of the Germ Theory. What
is the relationship to our current knowledge?
  • 1. The microorganism can be found in the diseased
    animal.2. The microorganism can be isolated
    from the diseased animal and grown in the
    lab.3. The cultured microorganism will cause
    the disease when put in a healthy susceptible
    animal.4. The same microorganism can be
    isolated from the newly infected animal.

25
21. What are vaccines? How do they work?
  • A preparation of weakened or killed pathogen
  • Prompts the body to produce immunity to the
    pathagen

26
22. Which bacteria works symbiotically to us in
our intestines? What is meant by symbiosis?
  • E coli
  • Relationship in which two organisms live closely
    together

27
23. What is a parasite?
  • Where one organism lives in or on another

28
24. How do bacteria make yogurt and cheese?
  • By going through a fermentation process

29
25. How do bacteria become resistant to
antibiotics?
  • Because they use conjugation as a means of
    reproduction, they can take on the
    characteristics of other bacteria that are
    resistant

30
26. How are bacteria economically important to us?
  • Foods- yogurts, cheeses
  • Medicine-vaccines,
  • Agriculture- nitrogen fixation, decompose dead
    matter

31
Chapter 20
32
27. What is a fungi? How do they function in
their environment?
  • Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls
  • As decomposers, as parasites,

33
29. How are fungi different from plants?
  • They dont make their own food
  • Cell wall of chitin
  • Not photosynthetic

34
30. Describe how yeast reproduces.
  • By budding
  • Which is an outgrowth of the organism

35
Chapter 21Protists
36
31. Draw and label an Amoeba, Euglena, and a
Paramecium
37
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38
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39
32. What does a contractile vacuole do?
  • Regulates the flow of water in an out of the
    organism

40
33. Which protist is animal like, and why are
they classified as such?
  • Ameoba
  • Paramecium
  • Plasmodium
  • They are heterotrophs and move about

41
34. Which protists are plantlike?
  • Euglena
  • Diatoms
  • Dinoflagellates
  • Algae

42
35. Which protist is fungus like?
  • Water mold
  • Slime mold

43
36. Which protist causes red tide?
  • Dinoflagellates

44
37. List four diseases caused by protist. How are
they passed to humans?
  • Malaria-by the Plasmodium carried by the mosquito
  • African Sleeping Sickness- by the Trypanasoma
    carried by the tse tse fly
  • Amebic dysentary- carried by the Giarda that is
    in water
  • Toxoplasmosis (toxo) is an infection caused by a
    single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii.

45
38. Explain alternation of generation.
  • Where an organisms switches from haploid to
    diploid in its life process

46
39. An Euglena can function as a ______________
in the absence of sunlight
Heterotroph
47
Chapter 26-28
48
40. Define the three types of symmetry.
  • Asymmetrical-not identical on both sides of a
    central line (Dictionary)
  • Bilateral-single imaginary line divides it in
    half
  • Radial- have body parts that repeat around the
    center

49
41. Name the 8 phyla of invertebrates and give an
example of each.
  • Porifera-sponges
  • Cnidaria-jellyfish
  • Platyhelminthes(flatworm)-planaria
  • Nematoda-hookworm
  • Annelida-earthworm
  • Mollusks-clam
  • Arthropod-insects
  • Echinoderms-starfish

50
42. What is meant by sessile?
  • Attached or fixed not moving

51
43. What is meant by motile?
  • Moving or having the power to move

52
44. Define exoskeleton.
  • Tough external covering that protects and
    supports the body of many invertebrates

53
45. Define hermaphrodite.
  • Individual that has both male and female parts

54
46. Describe how mollusks and crustaceans carry
out gas exchange.
  • Gills are used to exchange gases. This is done by
    a diffusion type process

55
47. List two common structures for respiration in
invertebrates.
  • Gills
  • Skin

56
48. What are the characteristics of mammals?
  • Hair
  • Mammary glands
  • Breathe air
  • 4 chambered heart
  • endotherms

57
49. Describe a closed circulatory system.
  • In a closed circulatory system, blood is
    contained within a network of blood vessels.

58
50. Define endothermic.
  • Animal that generates its own body heat

59
51. Define ectothermic.
  • Animals that rely on their environment to help
    control body heat

60
52. Why do amphibians need water?
  • To carry out reproduction
  • To aid in respiration

61
53. Define monotremes, marsupials, and placental
animals.
  • Monotremes-egg laying mammals
  • Marsupials-animals that bear live young that
    usually complete their development in a pouch
  • Placental animals-nutrients, oxygen, carbon
    dioxide, ands wastes are exchanged between the
    embryo and the mother through a placenta

62
54. What is a cloaca and what is its relationship
to some animals?
  • The opening to the outside of some animals.
  • Used to eliminate waste and to carry out
    reproduction

63
Review from 1st Semester
64
55. List and describe the process of scientific
method.
  • Ask a question
  • Make a hypothesis
  • Conduct an experiment
  • Collect data
  • Analyze information
  • Report results

65
56. What are lipids?
  • Compounds made from carbon and hydrogen, include
    fats, oils, waxes.

66
57. What are proteins?
  • Macromoles that contain nitrogen as well as
    carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Made up of amino
    acids.

67
58. What is binomial nomenclature?
  • A two part naming system, includes the Genus and
    species

68
59. List the hierarchy of classification?
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

69
60. Define artificial selection.
  • Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits
    from the natural variation among different
    organisms

70
61. Define and discuss radioactive dating.
  • Technique in which scientists calculate the age
    of a sample based on the remaining radioactive
    isotopes it contains

71
62. Define extinction.
  • Disappearance of a species from all parts of a
    geographical range

72
63. Describe Lamarcks theory.
  • That if an organism used a part more or developed
    a part of their body, it would be passed down to
    their offspring

73
64. What methods do we use to process foods?
  • Canning
  • Salting
  • Drying

74
65. Practice reading graphs and charts.
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