An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Teaching of Abnormal Psychology:

1
An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Teaching of
Abnormal Psychology

• Rationale, Advantages, and Challenges
• James Hansell, Ph.D. University of Michigan
• Third International Conference on the Teaching of
  Psychology, Saint Petersburg, Russia, July 14,
  2008

2
Abstract

• In this presentation, I report on my
  experiences teaching Abnormal Psychology at the
  University of Michigan utilizing an
  interdisciplinary method in which links between
  the course material and the arts, popular
  culture, and current events are emphasized. My
  aim is to enhance student interest in this course
  and in psychology as a discipline -- to make the
  course matter to students beyond their interest
  in a good grade. For each topic presented in
  lecture and in readings, the scientific
  literature is presented in the context of
  political, sociological, and artistic issues or
  examples of the relevant mental disorders, their
  causes, and their treatments. Students report
  that this method of teaching increases the
  relevance of their Abnormal Psychology course,
  provides useful connections to other courses in
  their curriculum, and increases their interest in
  the field of psychology.

3
Suggested Topics (Lecture or Discussion format)

• Song of the Week (familiar and unfamiliar)
• Topic X Why It Matters (relevance items)
• Disorder X In the News (recent news stories)
• Disorder X In the Arts (students love this!)
• Disorder X Current Controversies

4
Chapter 2

• Defining Abnormality What is Psychopathology?

5
Song of the Week Green Days Basket Case

• Do you have the time
• To listen to me whine
• About nothing and everything
• all at once
• I am one of those
• Melodramatic fools
• Neurotic to the bone
• no doubt about it
• Sometimes I give myself the creeps
• Sometimes my mind plays tricks on me
• It all keeps adding up
• I think I'm cracking up
• Am I just paranoid
• Or am I just stoned
• I went to a shrink
• To analyze my dreams

6
Defining Abnormality Why it Matters

• Politics and power
• Medical treatment
• Social issues
• Philosophical and scientific questions

7
Defining Abnormality - In the News (politics and
power)

• Russia Activist Sent To Psychiatric Unit After
  Exposing Health Facilities By Chloe Arnold
• MOSCOW, August 2, 2007 (RFE/RL) -- An opposition
  activist has been locked in a mental-health
  institution in Murmansk Oblast for criticizing
  health professionals, her husband and
  human-rights groups claim.
• Dmitry Tereshin has hardly slept since
  July 5, the day his wife, Larisa Arap, telephoned
  him from the local hospital in Murmansk to say
  doctors were forcibly admitting her to a
  psychiatric unit. She had gone to the hospital
  for a routine check-up she needed to renew her
  driver's license.
• "In my opinion, it may have been because of
  the article, because the doctor had read the
  article Larissa wrote," Tereshin told RFE/RL.
  "The article was entitled 'Madhouse,' and it
  revealed what goes on in psychiatric clinics.

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And More News. (Medical treatment)

• Bipolar Illness Soars as a Diagnosis for the
  Young
• The New York Times September 4, 2007 by
  Benedict Carey
• The number of American children and
  adolescents treated for bipolar disorder
  increased 40-fold from 1994 to 2003, researchers
  report today in the most comprehensive study of
  the controversial diagnosis.

9
Defining abnormality Issues and controversies
(social and philosophical questions)

• Thomas Szasz "Inasmuch as we have words to
  describe medicine as a healing art, but have none
  to describe it as a method of social control or
  political rule, we must first give it a name. I
  propose that we call it pharmacracy, from the
  Greek roots pharmakon, for medicine' or drug,'
  and kratein, for to rule' or to control.' ...
  As theocracy is rule by God or priests, and
  democracy is rule by the people or the majority,
  so pharmacracy is rule by medicine or
  physicians."--Ceremonial Chemistry The Ritual
  Persecution of Drugs, Addicts, and Pushers, by
  Thomas Szasz, (Garden City, NY Doubleday, 1974),
  p. 139.)
• Stigma (video)

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Chapter 3 Explaining and Treating Abnormality

• What Causes Psychopathology?

11
Dance of the Week

• http//youtube.com/watch?vgrpcBsgORTM

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Explaining and Treating Abnormality Issues and
controversies

• The Economics of Szasz Preferences, Constraints
  and Mental Illness Bryan
  Caplan, Rationality and Society, Vol. 18, No. 3,
  333-366 (2006)
• Even confirmed economic imperialists typically
  acknowledge that economic theory does not apply
  to the seriously mentally ill. Building on
  psychiatrist Thomas Szaszs philosophy of mind,
  this article argues that most mental illnesses
  are best modeled as extreme preferences, not
  constraining diseases. This perspective sheds
  light not only on relatively easy cases like
  personality disorders, but also on the more
  extreme cases of delusions and hallucinations.
  Contrary to Szaszs critics, empirical advances
  in brain science and behavioral genetics are
  largely orthogonal to his position. While
  involuntary psychiatric treatment might still be
  rationalized as a way to correct intra-family
  externalities, it is misleading to think about it
  as a benefit for the patient.

13
Chapter 4 Classifying Abnormality

• Diagnosis and Assessment

14
Song (and video) of the Week Crazy by Gnarls
Barkley

• 
  
• I remember whenI
  remember, I remember when I lost my mindThere
  was something so pleasant about that phaseEven
  your emotions had an echoAnd so much spaceHmm
  mmmmAnd when you're out thereWithout careYeah
  I was out of touchBut it wasn't because I didn't
  know enoughI just knew too muchDoes that make
  me crazy (x3)Probably
• 
  
  http//youtube.com/watch?vbd2B6SjMh_w
• and I hope that you are having the
  time of your lifeBut think twiceThats my only
  adviceCome on nowWho do you, who do you, who do
  you, who do you think you areHa ha ha!Bless
  your soulYou really think you're in controlWell
  I think you're crazy (x3)Just like meMy heros
  had the heart, to put their lives out on the
  limbAnd all I remember, is thinking I want to be
  like themHmm mmmEver since I was littleEver
  since I was little it looked like funAnd its no
  coincidence I've comeAnd I can die when I'm
  doneBut maybe I'm crazyMaybe you're crazyMaybe
  we're crazyProbably

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Diagnosis and Assessment in the News

• Mind Over Manual By SALLY SATEL
  The New York Times September 13, 2007
• Earlier this summer, the American Psychiatric
  Association announced that a 27-member panel will
  update its official diagnostic handbook, the
  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
  Disorders. The fifth edition, which is scheduled
  to come out in 2012, is likely to add new mental
  illnesses and refine some existing ones.

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Dr. Satel, continued

• In a radical break from earlier editions.the
  D.S.M. III categorized illnesses based on
  symptoms. A patient was said to have a condition
  if he or she had a certain number of the classic
  symptoms for a certain period of time. This
  approach promoted inter-rater reliability the
  odds that two examiners would agree on what
  diagnosis to assign a patient.
• Yet the manual remained silent on what caused
  the symptoms. The diagnosis of, say,
  schizophrenia did not reflect a known cause in
  the way syphilis is known to be an infection with
  a spirochete bacterium. The writers of the D.S.M.
  III were confident that science would one day
  fill this vacuum, yet three decades later
  psychiatry still lacks a firm grasp of the causal
  underpinnings of mental illness.

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Chapter 5

• Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders

18
Song of the Week Stage Fright by The Band
Lyrics by J.R. (Robbie) Robertson

• Now deep in the heart of a lonely kidWho
  suffered so much for what he did,They gave this
  ploughboy his fortune and fame,Since that day he
  ain't been the same.See the man with the stage
  frightJust standin' up there to give it all his
  might.And he got caught in the spotlight,But
  when we get to the endHe wants to start all over
  again.I've got fire water right on my breathAnd
  the doctor warned me I might catch a death.Said,
  "You can make it in your disguise,Just never
  show the fear that's in your eyes."See the man
  with the stage fright,Just standin' up there to
  give it all his might.He got caught in the
  spotlight,But when we get to the endHe wants to
  start all over again.Now if he says that he's
  afraid,Take him at his word.And for the price
  that the poor boy has paid,He gets to sing just
  like a bird, oh, ooh ooh ooh.Your brow is
  sweatin' and your mouth gets dry,Fancy people go
  driftin' by.The moment of truth is right at
  hand,Just one more nightmare you can stand.See
  the man with the stage frightJust standin' up
  there to give it all his might.And he got caught
  in the spotlight,But when we get to the endHe
  wants to start all over againYou wanna try it
  once againPlease don't make him stop
• Let him take it from the top,
• Let him start all over again.

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Anxiety, in Life and Art

• The Age of Anxiety?
• Literature and film

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Anxiety disorders News and Controversies

• Shy on Drugs By CHRISTOPHER LANE The New York
  Times, September 21, 2007
• It may seem baffling, even bizarre, that ordinary
  shyness could assume the dimension of a mental
  disease. But if a youngster is reserved, the odds
  are high that a psychiatrist will diagnose social
  anxiety disorder and recommend treatment..
• Self-help books and magazine articles further
  widened the definition of social anxiety disorder
  to include symptoms like test anxiety, aversion
  to writing on the blackboard and shunning of team
  sports. These ridiculously loose criteria led to
  more diagnoses, until social anxiety disorder in
  children began to look as if it were spreading
  like the common cold among second graders..
• Then, having alerted the masses to their
  worrisome avoidance of public restrooms, the
  psychiatrists needed a remedy. Right on cue,
  GlaxoSmithKline, the maker of Paxil, declared in
  the late 1990s that its antidepressant could also
  treat social anxiety and, presumably,
  self-consciousness in restaurants. Nudged along
  by a public-awareness campaign (Imagine Being
  Allergic to People) that cost the drug maker
  more than 92 million in one year alone (3
  million more than Pfizer spent that year
  promoting Viagra), social anxiety quickly became
  the third most diagnosed mental illness in the
  nation, behind only depression and alcoholism.

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Chapter 6

• Mood and the Mood Disorders (formerly Affective
  disorders)

22
Song of the Week Manic
Depression by Jimi Hendrix

• Manic depression is touching my soulI know what
  I want but I just dont knowHow to, go about
  gettin itFeeling sweet feeling,Drops from my
  fingers, fingersManic depression is catchin my
  soulWoman so weary, the sweet cause in vainYou
  make love, you break loveIts all the sameWhen
  its, when its over, mamaMusic, sweet musicI
  wish I could caress, caress, caressManic
  depression is a frustrating messWell, I think
  Ill go turn myself off,And go on downAll the
  way downReally aint no use in me hanging
  aroundIn your kinda sceneMusic, sweet musicI
  wish I could caress, caress, caressManic
  depression is a frustrating mess

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Mood Disorders in the News

• Antidepressants Now No. 1 Drug Prescribed For
  Women 18-44 NBC 4.com, DC - Nov 15, 2007
• Studies are showing that for every 100 American
  women, 37 have been prescribed an antidepressant,
  which is now the No. 1 drug prescribed to women
  ages 18 to 44

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Mood Disorders in Art and Life

• If they had Prozac in the 19th century..
• Marx
• Nietzsche
• 
  Poe

25
Chapter 7

• Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders

26
Song of the Week Once In a Lifetime by The
Talking Heads

• And you may find yourself living in a shotgun
  shackAnd you may find yourself in another part
  of the worldAnd you may find yourself behind the
  wheel of a large automobileAnd you may find
  yourself in a beautiful house, with a beautiful
  WifeAnd you may ask yourself-well...how did I
  get here? Letting the days go by/let the water
  hold me downLetting the days go by/water flowing
  undergroundInto the blue again/after the moneys
  goneOnce in a lifetime/water flowing
  underground.And you may ask yourself How do I
  work this? And you may ask yourself Where is
  that large automobile? And you may tell yourself
  This is not my beautiful house!And you may
  tell yourself This is not my beautiful
  wife!Letting the days go by/let the water hold
  me down.Same as it ever was...same as it ever
  was...same as it ever was...Water
  dissolving...and water removingThere is water at
  the bottom of the oceanCarry the water at the
  bottom of the oceanRemove the water at the
  bottom of the ocean!Letting the days go by/let
  the water hold me down.And you may ask
  yourself What is that beautiful house? And you
  may ask yourself Where does that highway go?
  And you may ask yourself Am I right? ...am I
  wrong? And you may tell yourself My god!...what
  have I done? Letting the days go by/let the
  water hold me down..Same as it ever was...same
  as it ever was...same as it ever was...

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Dissociation in the News

• I'm Not Really Running, I'm Not Really Running...
  By Gina Kolata The
  New York Times December 6, 2007
• Without realizing what I was doing, I
  dissociated a few months ago, in the middle of a
  long, fast bike ride. Id become so tired that I
  could not hold the pace going up hills. Then I
  hit upon a method I focused only on the seat of
  the rider in front of me and did not look at the
  hill or what was to come. And I concentrated on
  my cadence, counting pedal strokes, thinking of
  nothing else. It worked. Now I know why.
• Dr. Morgan, who has worked with hundreds of
  subelite marathon runners, said every one had a
  dissociation strategy. One wrote letters in his
  mind to everyone he knew. Another stared at his
  shadow. But, Dr. Morgan asked him, what if the
  sun is in front of you? Then, the man said, he
  focused on someone elses shadow. But what if the
  sun goes behind a cloud, Dr. Morgan asked? Then
  its tough, the runner conceded.
• Dissociation clearly works, Dr. Morgan said, but
  athletes who use it also take a chance on serious
  injury if they trick themselves into ignoring
  excruciating pain. There is, of course, a fine
  line between too much pain and too little for
  maximum performance.

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Dissociation in Life and Art

• Rene Magritte The Lovers (1928)
• The zone
• Matt Dillon in Gus Van Sants Drugstore Cowboy
• All illustrate the Importance of context

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Dissociation in Life and Art

• In this paper we examine how aspects of
  dissociation permeate the film-going experience.
  Specifically (1) that the act of watching a film
  may viewed as a voluntary engagement in a
  positive dissociative experience (2) that film
  directors and cinematographers use cinematic
  devices to convey and dramatize the peri- and
  post-traumatic dissociative experiences of their
  characters, and the force of these techniques may
  issue from the film-viewer's personal knowledge
  of normative dissociation and (3) that
  representations of dissociative conditions and
  symptoms in film allow filmmakers to examine
  universal existential experiences and themes
  along with contemporary psychosocio-cultural
  issues, while exploiting the plot-expanding
  possibilities that inhere in the topics of
  memory, identity, and multiplicity. We propose
  that this innate or intuitive understanding may
  reflect the pervasive nonpathological presence,
  integration, and use of dissociative processes in
  everyday life.
• BUTLER  PALESH (2004). Spellbound Dissociation
  in the Movies Journal of trauma and dissociation.
  Vol. 5, no 2 pp. 61-87 

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Chapter 8

• Eating, Weight, and the Eating Disorders

31
Song of the Week

• Silverchair - Ana's Song (Open Fire)
• Please die AnaFor as long as you're here we're
  notYou make the sound of laughterand sharpened
  nails seem softerAnd I need you now somehowAnd
  I need you now somehowOpen fire on the needs
  designedOn my knees for youOpen fire on my
  knees desiresWhat I need from youImagine
  pageant In my
  head the flesh seems thickerSandpaper tears
  corrode the filthAnd I need you now somehowAnd
  I need you now somehowOpen fire on the needs
  designedOn my knees for youOpen fire on my
  knees desiresWhat I need from youAnd you're my
  obsessionI love you to the bonesAnd Ana wrecks
  your lifeLike an Anorexia lifeOpen fire on the
  needs designedOn my knees for youOpen fire on
  my knees desiresWhat I need from youOpen fire
  on the needs designedOpen fire on my knees
  desiresOn my knees for you

32
Eating Disorders in Life and Art
33
Eating Disorders in the News Surfing for
Thinness A Pilot Study of ProEating Disorder
Web Site Usage in Adolescents With Eating
Disorders

• OBJECTIVE. This pilot study investigated the
  awareness and usage of proeating disorder Web
  sites among adolescents with eating disorders and
  their parents and explored associations with
  health and quality of life.
• PATIENTS AND METHODS. This was a cross-sectional
  study of 698 families of patients (aged 1022
  years) diagnosed with an eating disorder at
  Stanford between 1997 and 2004. Survey content
  included questions about disease severity, health
  outcomes, Web site usage, and parental knowledge
  of eating disorder Web site usage.
• RESULTS. Surveys were returned by 182
  individuals 76 patients and 106 parents. Parents
  frequently (52.8) were aware of proeating
  disorder sites, but an equal number did not know
  whether their child visited these sites, and only
  27.6 had discussed them with their child. Most
  (62.5) parents, however, did not know about
  pro-recovery sites. Forty-one percent of patients
  visited pro-recovery sites, 35.5 visited
  proeating disorder sites, 25.0 visited both,
  and 48.7 visited neither. While visiting
  proeating disorder sites, 96.0 reported
  learning new weight loss or purging techniques.
  However, 46.4 of pro-recovery site visitors also
  learned new techniques. Proeating disorder site
  users did not differ from nonusers in health
  outcomes but reported spending less time on
  school or schoolwork and had a longer duration of
  illness. Users of both proeating disorder and
  pro-recovery sites were hospitalized more than
  users of neither site.
• Jenny L. Wilson, BAa, Rebecka Peebles, MDa,
  Kristina K. Hardy, PhDb and Iris F. Litt, MDa,c
  PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 6 December 2006, pp.
  e1635-e1643

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Chapter 9

• Drug Use and the Substance Related Disorders

35
Song of the Week

• Paper Thin by John HiattI was gonna get up off
  that bar stoolJust as soon as I could figure it
  outWhy I was overlooked at the car poolStood up
  at the dance with no twist and shout When
  you're burnin' with your last desireAnd every
  memory haunts youYou write it down in alcohol
  fire'Cause that's the only flame that wants you
  CHORUSWhen you're paper thinYeah, read all
  about itWhen you were out of luck, well, luck
  was doin' alrightNow you're paper thinYeah,
  they can see right through yaYou just cut you're
  little finger on the edge of the night Now do I
  really have to be responsibleFor what I did
  between those tavern wallsI was just mixing up
  some chemicalsYou could've heard a pin drop,
  could have heard time crawl And every once in a
  whileYou could hear you're own heart poundMaybe
  some paper doll with a pasted on smileWould let
  you write her number down

36
Substance Related Disorders in the News

• Surge Seen in Number of Homeless VeteransNew
  York Times, United States - Nov 8, 2007
• Denver Voters Set Lowest Priority for Cops
  PotNew York Times, United States - Nov 7, 2007
• Binge Drinking (video)

37
Drug Use in Art and Life

• Raymond Carvers Where Im Calling From
  (coursepack)

38
Chapter 10

• Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders

39
Song of the Week When I Was A Boy by Dar
Williams

• I won't forget when Peter Pan came to my house,
  took my handI said I was a boy I'm glad he
  didn't check.I learned to fly, I learned to
  fightI lived a whole life in one nightWe saved
  each other's lives out on the pirate's deck.And
  I remember that nightWhen I'm leaving a late
  night with some friendsAnd I hear somebody tell
  me it's not safe,someone should help meI need
  to find a nice man to walk me home.When I was a
  boy, I scared the pants off of my mom,Climbed
  what I could climb uponAnd I don't know how I
  survived,I guess I knew the tricks that all boys
  knew.And you can walk me home, but I was a boy,
  too.I was a kid that you would like, just a
  small boy on her bikeRiding topless, yeah, I
  never cared who saw.My neighbor come outside to
  say, "Get your shirt,"I said "No way, it's the
  last time I'm not breaking any law."And now I'm
  in this clothing store, and the signs say less is
  moreMore that's tight means more to see, more
  for them, not more for meThat can't help me
  climb a tree in ten seconds flat

40
When I Was A Boy, continued

• When I was a boy, See that picture? That was
  meGrass-stained shirt and dusty kneesAnd I know
  things have gotta change,They got pills to sell,
  they've got implants to put in,they've got
  implants to removeBut I am not
  forgetting...that I was a boy tooAnd like the
  woods where I would creep, it's a secret I can
  keepExcept when I'm tired, 'cept when I'm being
  caught off guardAnd I've had a lonesome awful
  day, the conversation finds its wayTo catching
  fire-flies out in the backyard.And I so tell
  the man I'm with about the other life I livedAnd
  I say now you're top gun, I have lost and you
  have wonAnd he says, "Oh no, no, can't you
  seeWhen I was a girl, my mom and I we always
  talkedAnd I picked flowers everywhere that I
  walked.And I could always cry, now even when I'm
  alone I seldom doAnd I have lost some
  kindnessBut I was a girl too.And you were just
  like me, and I was just like you

41
Sex and Gender Disorders in the News

• Brazil Free Sex-Change Operations THE ASSOCIATED
  PRESS August 18, 2007
• Brazils public health system will begin
  providing free gender-reassignment operations in
  compliance with a court order, the Health
  Ministry said. A panel of federal judges ruled
  that sexual reassignment surgery was covered
  under a constitutional clause guaranteeing
  medical care as a basic right. Brazils public
  health system offers free care to all Brazilians.
  The ministry said it would be up to local
  officials to decide who qualified for the surgery
  and what priority it would be given compared with
  other operations within the health system.
• A 24-year-old New York City man remains jailed
  after he was found allegedly having sex with a
  92-year-old woman's corpse inside the morgue of
  the hospital where he worked. Anthony Merino,
  who works as a lab technician at Holy Name
  Hospital in Teaneck, N.J., was arrested Sunday
  after police responded to a call from a security
  guard at the hospital. The guard reported
  witnessing the lab technician sexually
  desecrating the woman's dead body, according to
  police. ABC News By DAVID SCHOETZ Oct. 30, 2007

42
Sex and Gender Disorders in Art and Life

• Renee
  Richards
  
  
• Alfred Kinsey
  
• Pedro Almodovar

43
Chapter 11

• Personality and the Personality Disorders

44
Song of the Week Youre So Vain by Carly Simon,
performed by Jann Arden

• You walked into the party like you were walking
  onto a yachtYour hat strategically dipped below
  one eyeYour scarf it was apricotYou had one eye
  on the mirror as you watched yourself gavotteAnd
  all the girls dreamed that they'd be your
  partnerThey'd be your partner, and...You're so
  vain, you probably think this song is about
  youYou're so vain, i'll bet you think this song
  is about youDon't you? don't you?You had me
  several years ago when i was still quite
  naiveWell you said that we made such a pretty
  pairAnd that you would never leaveBut you gave
  away the things you loved and one of them was
  meI had some dreams, they were clouds in my
  coffeeClouds in my coffee, and...I had some
  dreams they were clouds in my coffeeClouds in my
  coffee, and...Well i hear you went up to
  saratoga and your horse naturally wonThen you
  flew your lear jet up to nova scotiaTo see the
  total eclipse of the sunWell you're where you
  should be all the timeAnd when you're not you're
  withSome underworld spy or the wife of a close
  friendWife of a close friend, and...

45
Personality Disorders
Scientific Controversies and Core Concepts

• The construct validity of depressive personality
  disorder.J Abnorm Psychol. 2003
  Feb112(1)49-60. McDermut, Zimmerman,
  Chelminski .
• This study examined the construct validity of
  depressive personality disorder (DPD American
  Psychiatric Association, 1994). Adult psychiatric
  outpatients (N 900) underwent comprehensive
  Axis I and II evaluations and provided data on
  4,768 of their 1st-degree relatives. Despite
  modest overlap, DPD was not redundant with any
  Axis I or II disorder. Participants with DPD
  exhibited more Axis I and Axis II comorbidity,
  and greater psychosocial dysfunction, than
  participants without DPD. Relatives of
  participants with DPD had higher rates of mood
  disorders, alcohol abuse, and antisocial
  personality. Results are consistent with findings
  of several other similar investigations. The
  authors argue that DPD is a valid construct and
  should be conceptualized as a personality
  disorder as opposed to a mood disorder.

46
Personality Disorders in the News

• Experts Shy From Instant Diagnoses of Gunmans
  Mental Illness, but Hints Abound By JOHN
  SCHWARTZ and BENEDICT CAREY The New York Times
  April 20, 2007
• The video testament that Cho Seung-Hui mailed to
  NBC during the intermission in his killing spree
  offers a compelling peek into the troubles that
  shaped a gunman, experts in forensic psychology
  say.
• Dr. Michael Stone, an expert on personality
  disorders and killers, said in an interview that
  he saw in the videos a paranoid person with
  sadistic traits, possibly psychotic. These are
  people, he said, who might see conspiracies all
  around, and who have so little empathy that they
  can do the most heinous things almost as if they
  were whittling wood.
• Mr. Chos taped rants, and his peers
  descriptions of him as a classmate, suggest a
  blend of severe and specific personality
  problems, said Dr. Theodore Millon, dean and
  scientific director of the Institute for Advanced
  Studies in Personology and Psychopathology in
  Coral Gables, Fla., who has designed testing
  questionnaires used in many colleges.
• People with so-called avoidant personality
  disorder shun social situations because of a
  paralyzing dread of disapproval or criticism.
  Those with paranoid personality disorder nourish
  a deep distrust of others and see insults and
  malicious meanings in almost every interaction.
  Both are stubborn patterns of behavior that can
  begin in adolescence or earlier.

47
Personality Disorders in Life and Art

48
Chapter 12

• Psychosis and Schizophrenia

49
Song of the Week Brain Damage
by Pink Floyd

• The lunatic is on the grassThe lunatic is on the
  grassRemembering games and daisy chains and
  laughsGot to keep the loonies on the pathThe
  lunatic is in the hallThe lunatics are in my
  hallThe paper holds their folded faces to the
  floorAnd every day the paper boy brings
  moreAnd if the dam breaks open many years too
  soonAnd if there is no room upon the hillAnd if
  your head explodes with dark forebodings tooIll
  see you on the dark side of the moonThe lunatic
  is in my headThe lunatic is in my headYou raise
  the blade, you make the changeYou re-arrange me
  till Im saneYou lock the doorAnd throw away the
  keyTheres someone in my head but its not
  me.And if the cloud bursts, thunder in your
  earYou shout and no one seems to hearAnd if the
  band youre in starts playing different tunesIll
  see you on the dark side of the moon

50
Schizophrenia in the News

• Fishy way to prevent schizophrenia ABC News
  online Thu Nov 29, 2007
• Melbourne researchers say a daily dose of fish
  oil could prevent the onset of schizophrenia in
  high-risk youths. An international psychiatry
  conference has been told of an Orygen Research
  Centre study of 81 youths who'd previously
  suffered hallucinations or delusions. Lead
  researcher Professor Paul Amminger says 5 of
  those who were given omega-3 capsules went on to
  develop schizophrenia compared to almost a third
  who were given a placebo. "The key to efficacy of
  omega 3 is the early intervention so it seems it
  works much better in early stages when the
  disorder is not completely established." he said.
  "It's a risk reduction of about 7 times and I
  think that's very good news that a benign
  treatment is actually working as good or even
  better than anti-psychotics."

51
Schizophrenia in Life and Art

• John Nash

52
Chapter 14

• Stress, Psychophysiological Disorders, and
  Somatoform Disorders

53
Song of the Week John Henry, arranged and
performed by Snakefarm

• (excerpt)
• John Henry said to his Captain,
• "A man ain't nothin' but a man,
• And before I'll let your steam drill beat me
  down,
• Die with the hammer in my hand,
• Die with the hammer in my hand."

54
Parody of the Week Modern-Day John Henry Dies
Trying To Out-Spreadsheet Excel 11.0 February
27, 2006 The Onion Issue 4209

• BALTIMOREOffice laborers across the nation are
  mourning the passing of Wallace Peters, 42, the
  mythic three-column accountant at Chesapeake
  Ohio Consultants who pitted himself against
  Microsoft's latest version of the popular
  spreadsheet program Excel. Although Peters was
  able to balance his sheet a full 10 seconds
  before the program did, the man celebrated in
  song and story as the "cubicle worker's John
  Henry" was pronounced dead of a coronary
  thrombosis late Monday evening. The late Wallace
  Wally Peters, whom colleagues are calling a
  21st-century John Henry
• "He died with his pencil in his hand,"
  shift supervisor Thomas Kaptein said. "Wally
  Peters was an accounting-driven man"

55
Concluding Comments

• Adapting to small classes
• Possible pitfalls and solutions
• Questions?
• Thank you!
• Contact info jhansell_at_umich.edu
• 734-665-0840