Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Adele Ricciardi

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Pneumonia-inflammatory condition of the lung
PNEUMONIA CAN BE CAUSED BY VIRUSES FUNGI BACTERIA

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Symptoms Diagnosis

• cough (often produces rust colored mucus)
• fever and chills
• shortness of breath
• chest pain
• fatigue

• Chest x-ray (in hospitals and clinics)
• Blood test
• Sputum culture
• physical examination
• CT scan

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CHEST X-RAY
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Streptococcus pneumoniae

• nasopharynx of healthy people
• Gram-positive bacteria
• Paired (diplococci) or appear in chains
• May also infect brain (pneumococcal meningitis)
  and blood stream (pneumococcus septicemia)

Scanning Electron Micrograph of Streptococcus
pneumoniae. Source CDC/ R. Facklam, J. Carr
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S. pneumoniae was first isolated in
1881,S. pneumoniae was first
isolated in 1881,but it still remains
the number 1 killer of children under 5
today.but it still remains the number
1 killer of children under 5 today
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The Toll

• 4 million deaths every year
• half of these deaths - children under age 5
• 5,500 children die from pneumonia every day
• 98 of children who die of pneumonia live in
  developing countries
• contributes to the cycle of poverty

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S. Pneumoniae -Virulence

• Polysaccharide capsule, gt 90 serotypes
• Resistance to phagocytosis and antibiotics

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Different serotypes
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Different serotypes
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Pneumococci in intimate contact with lung cells
show reduced capsular polysaccharide
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Virulence- Pneumolysin

• Toxin
• Cholesterol-dependent cytolysin
• Cytokine synthesis
• Inflammatory response

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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

• Elicits antibodies against the seven most common
  capsular types
• Sero-specific

Results Decrease nasopharyngeal
colonization Reduce disease of included serotypes
Problems Expensive Alter serotype distribution
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Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is limited
to parts of the developing world
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Pneumonia will continue to kill

• Unless we do something about it

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Treatment

• Antibiotics, lt1/dose
• Amoxicillin inhibit cell wall formation
• Erythromycin- inhibit protein synthesis
• 1 out of 5 children with pneumonia receives
  antibiotics

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We can protect from pneumonia
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Pneumonia suffers from scientific neglect
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They may not be excited now...but they will
be. This vaccine deal could save 900,000 lives by
2015.
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References

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  Mechanisms of Host Defense against Infection with
  Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical Infections
  Diseases 199214251-62.
• Daniels, Briles, Mirza, Hakasson, Briles. Capsule
  does not block antibody binding to PspA, a
  surface virulence protein of Streptococcus
  pneumoniae. Microbial Pathogenesis.
  402006228-233.
• Alonsodevelasco, Verhuel, Verhoef, Snipe.
  Atreptococcus pneumoniae Virulence Factors,
  Pathogenesis and Vaccines. Microbiological
  Reviews. Dec. 1995, 591-603.
• Hsieh, Lee, Shao, Chang, Huang. The Transforming
  Streptococcus Pneumoniae in the 21st century.
  Chang Gung Med J Vo. 30 No. 2 200831117-24
• Hammerschmidt, Wolff, Hocke, Rosseau, Muller,
  Rohde. Illustration of Pneumonococcal
  Polysacharide Capsule during adherence and
  invasion of epithelial cells. Infection and
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• Kadioglu, Weiser, Paton, Andrew. The role of
  streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in
  host respiratory colonization and disease.
  Nature. 20086.
• World Health Organization The top 10 causes of
  death. October 2008. http//www.who.int/mediacentr
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  20088640816.
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