The Age of Absolutism

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The Age of Absolutism

• The 15th and 16th Centuries marked a period of
  strong monarchies and the birth of nation states.
• Ferdinand and Isabella expelled the Muslims from
  Spain.
• Charles V was a grandson of Ferdinand and
  Isabella. Also heir to the Hapsburg lands and
  Holy Roman Empire.
• Charles V fought for control of Italy.

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Charles V Holy Roman Emperor

• Charles V fought against the Protestants in
  central Europe.
• His greatest rival was Suleiman of the Ottoman
  Empire attacked Vienna in 1529 .
• Charles V gave up his empires and entered a
  monastery in 1556.
• Ferdinand I became the Holy Roman Emperor and
  Philip II gained control of the Netherlands,
  Spain, and most of Italy. ( Bourbons vs Hapsburgs)

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Philip II

• Philip was a hard worker, devout, and an absolute
  monarch.
• He built an isolated somber palace outside Madrid
  called the Escorial.
• Philip believed he ruled by the divine right of
  God.
• He saw himself as a guardian of the Catholic
  Church.
• He was a defender of the church.

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The Wars of Philip II

• Philip II naval forces led by Don Juan his half -
  brother and the Italians defeated the Muslims at
  the battle of Lepanto.
• Philip II tried to convert the Protestants of the
  Netherlands resulted in riots.
• Northern Netherlands declares its independence.
• Philip II sends the Armada in 1588.

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The Spanish Armada

• The Armada fails to conquer England due to Dutch
  ships, better weapons on the English ships, and
  storms.
• The Duke of Alba is Philip IIs cruel enforcer in
  the Netherlands.
• The Siglo de Oro - A great period of Spanish
  Arts. ( 1550 - 1650 )
• Painters - El Greco and Diego Velazquez.
• Writers - Cervantes - Don Quixote

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The Economic Decline of Spain

• In the 1600s Spain began a long decline into
  isolation.
• Costly overseas wars drained the wealth of Spain.
  
• Gold from the Americas led to the neglect of
  business and industry.
• The government taxed the small middle class, and
  expelled all the Jews.
• Inflation from huge amounts of gold.

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Quiz Chapter 17 Spain

• 1. What two rulers expelled the Muslims and the
  Jews from Spain in 1492?
• 2. Who were the Austrian rulers of the Holy Roman
  Empire and the Netherlands?( family name )
• 3. The author of Don Quixote was?
• 4. Name three of the countries or areas that
  Charles V controlled or ruled?
• 5. Who was Charles V great eastern rival?
• 6. What city did he ( the rival ) almost conquer
  in 1555?

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Quiz Chapter 17 Spain

• 7. What did Charles V do at the height of his
  career? explain
• 8. Who became the next Holy Roman Emperor?
• 9. Who became the King of Spain?
• 10. Name three areas of the world that this new
  king of Spain controlled or ruled.
• 11. What was the name of this kings famous
  palace?
• 12. Define absolute monarch -
• 13. What religious institution did the King of
  Spain use to try to to convert Protestants?

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Quiz Chapter 17 Spain

• 14. What huge sea battle was fought for control
  of the Mediterranean Sea in 1571?
• 15. What was the section of the Spanish empire
  that revolted against Spanish rule?
• 16. What did Philip II send to conquer England in
  1588?
• 17. What is the period from 1550 - 1650 sometimes
  called in Spanish history?
• 18. Who were the two great painters of this time?
• 19. Give two reasons why Spanish power declined.

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Quiz Chapter 17 Spain

• 20 What European country replaced Spain as the
  most powerful?
• Extra Credit - What two religions began or
  originated in India?