Fire Safety

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Fire Safety
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Course Objectives

• Upon completion of this unit, you will be able
  to
• Remember the acronym RACE to use in case of a
  fire.
• Remember the acronym PASS when using a fire
  extinguisher.
• Differentiate between the different classes of
  fire.

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Course Objectives, cont.

• Understand when and how to activate the services
  of the fire department.
• Keep areas in the home and workplace free of
  hazards.
• Locate fire alarms and exits in non-familiar
  locations.
• Evacuate homes and buildings safely.

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Module One

• Motivation to Teach Fire Safety

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• As you learn about fire safety, teach what you
  learn to others--particularly young children!

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Fire in the United States

• How many fire related deaths do you think we have
  in the U.S. annually?
• Which nation do you think is the highest in fire
  deaths and incidents among the industrialized
  nations of the world?

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Fire in the United States

• 4,000 - 6,000 fire related deaths annually
• U.S. is still the highest in fire deaths and
  incidents among the industrialized nations of the
  world

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• What do you think is the leading cause of fires
  in Georgia?
• What do you think is the leading cause fire
  deaths in the Southeast and Georgia?

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1 Cause of Fire in Georgia

• Kitchen Firesleading cause of fires
• Alternative heating is the primary cause of fire
  deaths in the Southeast and Georgia

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80 of fire deaths occur in homes without
operational fire detectors.
Do you have at least one detector on every level
of your home? Assignment tonight check it out!
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Check the batteries in your smoke detectors twice
a year.
Suggestion when you change the clocks in the
spring and fall, change your batteries!
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Module Two

• Fire Chemistry

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Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
Fire Triangle
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Classes of Fires

• A ordinary combustibles such as paper,
  wood, plastics, cloth
• B flammable liquids, greases, and gases
• C energized electrical equipment
• D metals such as magnesium, titanium,
  sodium, etc.

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Mechanical
Electrical
Solar
Chemical
Sources of Heat Energy
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Methods of Heat Transfer

• Conduction heat is transferred directly from one
  object to another
• Convection movement of a liquid or gas transfers
  the heat
• Radiation a form of heat travelling across a
  space or through materials as electromagnetic
  waves

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Module Three

• Safety Features

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Smoke Detectors and Alarms

• Offer the earliest warning of fire
• A working smoke alarm doubles a persons chance
  of surviving and escaping a fire

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Smoke Detectors and Alarms

• Test smoke alarms monthly (push the little button
  and you should hear a chirpcheck it out
  tonight!)
• And did I mention? Change the batteries twice a
  year, when the clock changes for daylight savings!

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Carbon Monoxide Detectors

• Alert occupants to dangerous levels of carbon
  monoxide.
• They do not detect smoke and so should not be
  used instead of smoke detectors.
• Does your home have both?

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Sprinkler Systems

• Activated by heat and contain fire where
  sprinkler heads are located.
• Must still evacuate building if smoke alarm
  alerts, even if sprinkler system does not
  activatefire could be in walls, ceiling, or
  attic.

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Fire Extinguishers

• Place them in a readily accessible location.
• Dont store them next to the stove.duh!

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Fire Extinguishers PASS

• PULL the locking pin from the handle
• AIM the nozzle at the base of the flames
• SQUEEZE the handle
• SWEEP the extinguisher from side to side

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Module Four

• Building Evacuation

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RACE

• Rescue anyone in immediate danger.
• Activate the alarm.
• Confine the fire (Close windows and doors if safe
  to do so. Shut off electrical equipment and
  oxygen if your safety is not endangered).
• Extinguish the fire if the fire is small and
  contained.

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Your safety comes FIRST!

• Do NOT risk your life to put out a fire. Thats
  what the FIRE DEPARTMENT is for!
• Evacuate if you are even a little bit uncertain!
• Stuff can be replaced. You cant.

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Fire Escape Plan

• Must have a clear, unobstructed means of exiting
  the building to a safe meeting place outside the
  facility.
• Assist those who need help to exit the building.

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Fire Escape Plan

• Need to have two ways out in case one is blocked
  by fire or structural damage.
• If exiting into a fenced area, there must be a
  means of exit from the fence.

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Home Escape Plan

• Know two ways out of every room.
• Sleep with bedroom doors closed.
• Have smoke alarms and fire escape ladders.
• Set a meeting place away for all family members
  to gather.

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What are your exits?

• Picture the room where you sleep.
• Where are your two exits?
• Could you get out in the pitch black?
• Remember, you cant see in a fire!

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Family Meeting Place

• Your family should have a meeting place
  outside, away from the house to meet in case of
  evacuation.
• A good place might be the mailbox or a neighbors
  front porch--assuming you know the neighbor! ?
• WHY???

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Family Meeting Place

• Having a family meeting place lets everyone know
  that the whole family has made it outside safely.
• Otherwise, someone might go back in looking for a
  family member who is already safely in the back
  yard!
• A meeting place saves lives!

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Family Meeting Place

• Remember to tell family overnight guests where
  the meeting place is.
• Arrange a meeting place when youre away on
  vacation, as well.

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Family/Home Evacuation Drills

• Vary the time of the drills.
• Hold announced and unannounced drills.
• When you stay in a hotel, locate the fire alarms
  and exits when you check into your room. Count
  the number of doors between your hotel room door
  and the stairwell door.

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Fun Fact!

• When staying a hotel, you might want to request a
  room below the ninth floor.
• Why????

The aerial ladder on the fire truck wont reach
above the ninth floor!
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During what time of day do you think most fatal
fires occur, and why?
Most fatal fires occur between 8 pm - 8 am. This
is when people are sleeping.
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When in a situation with many people, ONE person
should be designated as the liaison to
communicate with emergency responders on the
scene. This will help reduce conflicting
information.
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Building Evacuation

• Now its time to practice!

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Module Five

• Burn Prevention and Treatment

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Burns

• Burns are the most traumatic injury the body can
  sustain.
• Infection and shock are the two major concerns
  with burn injuries.

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Burns

• 12,000 people die each year in the U.S. from burn
  injuries.
• 1,100 are children.
• What do you think are the 1 cause of burns to
  children?

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Burns

• Scalds are the 1 cause of burns to children.
• Put pots on the back burner and turn handles
  inward.
• Dont let children reach hot liquids or be in
  bathroom unattended!

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Types of Burns

• Thermal hot liquid or surface touches skin. Ex
  scalds.
• Chemical a chemical substance touches skin. Ex
  acid or bleach.
• Electrical electricity comes in contact with
  skin.

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Preventing Burns

• Keep electrical cords out of reach and outlets
  covered.
• Keep matches and lighters away from children and
  teach them that these are tools for adults only.

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• Call 911 immediately if the burn
• is due to chemicals or electricity.
• covers a significant area of the body.
• is to the face.

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Treating 1st and 2nd Degree Burns
First Degree
Second Degree
Third Degree
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Treating 3 burns

• Always call 911 for any 3 burn!
• Cool with sterile water and cover with dry,
  sterile dressings.
• Treat for shock by having the victim lie down
  with the feet elevated.

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What NOT to do for burns

• Dont use mayonnaise, butter, or ice!
• Dont put it in your mouth!
• Never pop blisters--infection is a major concern!
• Dont use burn gel on 3 burns!

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What NOT to do for burns

• Dont remove clothing or jewelry that is
  stuck to the burned area!
• Dont touch the burn with anything other than
  a clean covering!

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Module Six

• Youthful Fire Setting

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Child Fire Play

• Typically performed by children 18 months old 6
  years old who do not understand the consequence
  of their actions.
• Children are setting more than 100,000 fires each
  year in the United States.

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Child Fire Play

• Child fire play is the leading cause of death in
  residential fires for preschool age children.
• Curiosity is the motivating factor.

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Juvenile Fire Setting

• Typically children ages 7 18.
• Fire setting in this category accounts for 40 of
  all fires started by children and 50 of arson
  arrests.

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Warning Signs

• Poor relationships with other children.
• Frequent negative behaviors such as
  impulsiveness, stealing, showing off.

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Warning Signs

• Disruptive parental or home situations.
• Low self esteem limited participation in
  activities.

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Module Seven

• Teaching Fire Safety to Children

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Teaching Fire Safety to Children

• Adjust an adult vocabulary to meet the level of
  the preschool child.
• Use simple and basic language.
• Keep messages simple and brief, such as Stop,
  Drop, and Roll!

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What every child should learn

• Dial 911 in an emergency only.
• Home address and phone number.
• Stay on the line with 911 dispatcher until help
  arrives.

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Teaching 911 skills

• Teach 9-1-1, not nine-eleven. Children may
  look for the eleven button on the phone.
• Children ages 3-5 tend to dial 9-9-1 -- have
  them practice on a play phone.