The Cold War: The Beginnings

1
The Cold War The Beginnings
2
Potsdam Conference

• Meeting of the Big 3
• Stalin took back free elections in Poland and
  banned democratic parties
• Soviet Army in E. Europe West could do little

3

• U.S. GOALS IN E. EUROPE
• Self-governing nations
• Access to raw materials and markets
• Rebuild European govs.
• Reunite Germany

• SOVIET GOALS IN E. EUROPE
• Encourage communism
• Rebuild its economy by using E. European
  resources
• Control E. Europe to balance U.S. influence in W.
  Europe
• Keep Germany divided so it could not threaten the
  Soviet Union again.

4
Satellite Nations

• Stalin wanted a barrier between E. Europe and W.
  Europe.
• Satellite Nations countries dominated by the
  Soviet Union.

5
U.S. Policy of Containment

• Feb. 1946 George F. Kennan, U.S. diplomat
  proposed the policy of containment
• U.S. would take all measures to prevent any
  extension of communist rule to other countries.

6
The Iron Curtain 1949
7
The Truman Doctrine

• March 12, 1947 Declaration that the U.S. should
  support free countries trying resist communist
  pressure.
• 1947 1950 U.S. sent 400 million in aiding
  Greece and Turkey

8
The Marshall Plan

• June 1947 Sec. of State George Marshall The
  Marshall Plan
• U.S. provide aid () to all European nations that
  needed it.
• By 1952, 16 countries received some 13 billion
  in aid

9
Post-War Germany
10
The Berlin Airlift

• West Berlin held hostage by Stalin
• U.S. and Great Britain flew in supplies for 327
  days
• 277,000 flights
• 2.3 million tons of supplies
• May 1949, Soviets lifted the blockade.

11
NATO

• NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• Formation of 12 countries unified by increased
  Soviet aggression
• Military support if one of the NATO countries was
  attacked
• 1st time in history the U.S. was involved in a
  military alliance during peacetime.