Interactions between actors involved in planning and design decision processes Prof.dr.ir. B. de Vries

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Interactions between actors involved in planning
and design decision processesProf.dr.ir. B. de
Vries
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Actor roles

• Actors Researcher City
• Actors Pedestrian City
• Actors Designer City

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Interactions between Researcher and City

• B. de Vries
• A. Tan

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Research Project

• To assess the reliability and validity of
  interactive computer experiments, based on
  virtual reality systems, in the context of
  measuring activity-scheduling behavior
• Observed travel patterns are the result of
  underlying activity scheduling decision processes

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.in other words

• Measure how accurate individuals are able to
  recall and retrieve every day memories, and in
  particular, data about the travel behavior
• In the new media virtual reality

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Research Design

• Compare the existing methods of data collection
  (diaries / questionnaires) against a benchmark
  (reality)
• Compare the new methods of data collection
  (virtual reality experiments) against a benchmark
  (reality)
• Compare accuracy levels between the above methods

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The Process - 1

• The process consists of three parts.
• The first part entails recording reality
  benchmark
• the Investigator observes a Respondent carry out
  his/her activities at a distance without
  detection
• The second part requires the same Respondent to
  fill out a Questionnaire,

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The Process - 2

• The third part involves travel in a virtual
  environment that mimics the Schedule of the
  Subject of the day and period that s/he was
  observed

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Tasks in Virtual Travel

• A Respondent will be requested to recall and
  retrieve information about the schedule that was
  carried out during the period previously recorded
  by the Investigator
• The subject will be requested to provide
  information about the nature of each activity and
  in the sequence as carried out.

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Choice of VR Technology

• Text based worlds
• 3D Model
• Panoramas

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Making of the Stereo Panoramas

• Rotating double cameras fitted with fisheye lens
• Retouching
• Stitching
• Stereo correction

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Data Collection
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Data Collection
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Data Collection
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Data Collection
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Data Collection
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Data Collection
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Data Collection
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Data Collection
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Data Collection
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Sampled Groups
Type I Type II
(a) Followed (Benchmark) (b) Questionnaire (c) Virtual Travel (d) Followed (Benchmark) (e) Virtual Travel (f) Questionnaire
Comparison 1 (a) (b) 2 (a) (c) 3 (a) (b) (c) Comparison 4 (d) (e) 5 (d) (f) 6 (d) (e) (f)
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Data Analysis

• Ongoing
• Some preliminary observations of PAPI versus
  Observed
• gt50 of respondents report less number of
  activities than observed (benchmark)
• 2 report conduct of activities different from
  that of observed
• 50 of activity duration are over reported
• 50 of travel time is under reported

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Interactions between Pedestrian and City

• B. de Vries
• J. Dijkstra

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• Architects and urban planners are often faced
  with the problem to assess how their design or
  planning decisions will affect the behavior of
  individuals.

Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion

• One way of addressing this problem is the use of
  models simulating the navigation of users in
  buildings and urban environments.

A Multi-Agent System based on Cellular Automata
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• Develop a model how pedestrian moves in a built
  and/or urban environment.
• Pedestrians are represented by agents (actors).
• The cellular automata model is used to simulate
  their behavior across the network.

Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion

• Multi agent technology based on cellular automata
  can be used to develop a model how actors move
  around in a 2D or 3D environment. The 3D
  environment is a virtual reality based
  environment design.

• A simulation model would allow the designer to
  assess how design decisions influence pedestrian
  activity/movement and hence performance
  indicators.

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• Important issues
• Actors navigate in a virtual built/urban
  environment, each with their own behavior,
  beliefs and intentions
• They perceive their environment and show some
  behavior according certain rules
• Practical experience from visits in the past
• Activity agenda

Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion

• The simulation model, as a decision support tool
  could be very useful to apply possible
  modifications to the design concept - AMANDA

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The network is the three-dimensional cellular
automata model representation of a state at a
certain time.
v 2 cells / ?t
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Agent Model
Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion
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User Agent
Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion
Define an user-agent as U lt R S gt, where

• R is finite set of role identifiers actor,
  subject
• S represents the scenario each user-agent i
  possesses and includes
• Personal characteristics
• Agenda
• Behavioral principles
• Cognitive map
• Time budget

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Point of Departure
Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion

• Design of a simulation experiment of pedestrian
  movement
• Considering a (T-junction) walkway where
  pedestrians will be randomly created at one of
  the entrances.

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network grid and decision points
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Movement rules
Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion
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Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion
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Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion
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Introduction Motivation Network model Multi-agent
model Simulation model Discussion
For example We will get more insight into the
influence that store layouts have on consumer
circulation patterns and shopping behavior in
retail environments.
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Interactions between Designer and City

• B. de Vries
• V. Tabak

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Mass Modeling on the Urban Scale

• Relevance
• The system
• DDDoolz
• VISTA

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Traditional Sketch Scale Model

• Strengths
• Quick
• No restrictions
• Simple
• Abstract

• Weaknesses
• Inaccurate
• Error prone
• Chaotic
• Redundancy

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Computers in the early design stage

• Strength
• Visualisation and Communication
• Weakness
• Too accurate and too complex

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Scale
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DDDoolz
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Basic Principle

• Drag and Copy

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Edge Drag

• Extrude
• Intrude

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VISTA
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Objects

• Block Basic shape with a specific function.

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Manipulations

• Move Select object and transfer.

• Stretch Select object and extend in one
  direction.

• Rotate Select object and rotate around one
  axis

• Delete Click on waste bastket of selected
  object.

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Object handles
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Experiences

• Almost as intuitive as paper and pencil
• Increased control over planning requirements

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Workshop
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Agenda

• Introduction
• Discussion
• Instruction
• Assignment
• Discussion and Conclusion

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Position

1. Are Pen and Paper unbeatable ?
2. What makes a creative tool ?

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Discussion
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Instruction

• DDDoolz
• VisTa

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Assignment

• Choose one design tool
• Determine design task
• Determine performances
• Design
• Tool
• Execute task
• With traditional means (3/4 hour)
• With computer tool (3/4 hour)
• Draw conclusions on performances

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DiscussionandConclusion