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The Dangers of Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption

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The Dangers of Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption Andrew Lichter and Basil Kawash Cirrhosis Healthy Brain, Healthy Body Adolescence is a period of profound ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Dangers of Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption


1
The Dangers of Smoking and Excessive Alcohol
Consumption
  • Andrew Lichter and Basil Kawash

2
The Body
  • The human body can be divided into two general
    regions
  • The head and trunk
  • The appendages (arms/legs)

3
Body Cavities
  • The head and trunk have large spaces that hold
    the bodys organs.
  • Cranial Cavity
  • Thoracic Cavity
  • Abdominal Cavity

4
Todays Class
  • Today we are going to talk about some of the
    organs in these three cavities
  • The heart/lungs and how smoking harms them
  • The liver and the brain and how alcohol affects
    them

5
The Heart and Lungs
  • The heart
  • Pumps blood through out the whole body
  • 4 chambers
  • Right/Left Atria
  • Right/Left Venttricle

Whos heart beats faster men or women? children
or adults?
6
What are veins? What are ateries?
7
  • The Lungs
  • Trachea
  • 2 bronchi
  • Right 2 lobes
  • Left 3 lobes
  • Alveoli

8
Oxygen Exchange
  • Air goes through the trachea, bronchi and into
    tiny sacks called alveoli
  • These sacks have very thin walls that are
    surrounded by tiny blood vessels
  • The oxygen goes into the blood and CO2 leaves the
    blood

9
How do we breathe?
  • The diaphragm contracts so that the volume inside
    the thoracic cavity gets larger.
  • This larger volume does not have any air in it
    yet so air from the outside rushes in to fill the
    new open space

The average person breathes in and out 22,000
times in one day
10
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11
Smoking
  • Smoking is bad for your lungs
  • The soot clogs your alveoli
  • The lungs secrete large amounts of mucus to help
    isolate the tar and soot
  • The smoke causes irritation and damage to the
    lining of the lungs which causes the body to form
    of calcium deposits as part of healing
  • The lungs become stiff from calcium and destroyed
    elastic proteins
  • Causes cancer which can also spread to other
    parts of the body

12
Teens and smoking
  • About 440,000 Americans die each year from
    diseases related to smoking.
  • About 90 of all smokers started as teen smokers.
  • 60 started before they were 12
  • Teenager bodies are still developing and are more
    easily addicted to tobacco

13
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14
Normal Smoker
15
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19
Other side effects of smoking?
  • Bad breath/teeth
  • Wrinkles
  • Discolored fingers and fingernails
  • Clogs arteries and damages the heart
  • Increases clotting
  • Stomach ulcers
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Expensive??

20
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22
If nothing else
23
The Liver and Brain
  • The liver
  • The liver is the largest solid organ in the body
    and can weigh 4-5 lbs.
  • It is primarily on the right side of the body and
    is made up of 4 lobes
  • The liver has over 500 known functions, but its
    main functions are to help sort energy products
    from digested food and remove toxic waste

24
Alcohol-Related Health Conditions
1. Behavioral drunk driving, impaired judgment,
blurry vision
2. Physical liver and kidney malfunction, brain
damage, heart disease, elevated blood pressure
25
Alcohol and Teens The Numbers
  • Nearly 50 of all teen suicide victims drank
    alcohol at the time of their death.
  • Drinking alcohol is the leading factor in
    unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted
    diseases.
  • About 1/3 of crimes committed by youth are
    related to alcohol consumption.
  • Almost 1/3 of all traffic deaths involving people
    under 25 are related to alcohol.

26
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27
Alcohols Path
  • 1) Swallowed through the mouth
  • 2) Stomach-small amount of alcohol is absorbed
    into the blood stream through the stomach wall.

28
  • 3) Small Intestine- Most of the alcohol passes
    into the bloodstream through the small intestine.
  • 4) Bloodstream-takes blood and alcohol all over
    the body.

29
  • 5) Liver-organ where alcohol is oxidized-turned
    into water, carbon dioxide, and energy at a rate
    of ½ oz. of alcohol per hour for adults.
  • 6) Brain-affects the brain by depressing (or
    slowing down the its function.

30
4 Factors that influence how alcohol affects
people
  • 1)Body weight- more body weight-more alcohol to
    get the same effects.
  • 2) If one has had anything to eat before or
    during drinking

Vs.
31
4 Factors that influence how alcohol affects
people
  • 3) Amount of alcohol consumed
  • 4) Thoughts Expectations Often what you think
    alcohol will do for you is what it actually does
    for you.

32
What are 3 reasons alcohol has a stronger effect
on Teens than adults?
  • 1) Usually smaller body weight
  • 2) Less psychological tolerance for teens
  • 3) More stress in teen lives
  • 4) Liver does not completely mature until early
    20s-cant oxidize alcohol as fast as a result.

33
Levels of Intoxication
  • .08 - Illegal limit for most states in US
  • .2 - Inhibitions loosened. Do things you would
    never do sober.
  • .3 - Senses severely impaired. Slurred speech,
    staggering when walking.
  • .4 - Pass out. Become unconscious-looks like
    you are sleeping.
  • .5 - Fatal dose for most people.

34
Cirrhosis
35
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36
Healthy Brain, Healthy Body
  • Adolescence is a period of profound brain
    maturation.
  • We thought brain development was complete by
    adolescence but we now know its not complete
    until around 25!
  • Source Giedd, 2004

37
Alcohol seems to permanently destroy brain cells.
T or F
  • True- alcohol does destroy brain cells every time
    it is consumed.
  • Over time and use it may cause a person to lose
    certain functions of the brain.
  • The earlier one starts drinking and the more a
    person uses the faster the brain function is lost.

38
Alcohol and Neuroanatomical Findings with Youth
  • Smaller hippocampus in adolescence
  • Greater responsivity to alcohol cues
  • Score worse than non-users on vocabulary, general
    information, memory, memory retrieval and at
    least three other tests
  • Significant neuro-psychological deficits exist in
    early to middle adolescents (ages 15 and 16) with
    histories of extensive alcohol use

39
Alcohol Induced Brain Damage
40
Alcohol Poisoning
  • Signs
  • Mental confusion
  • Vomiting
  • Slow breathing (less than 8 a minute)
  • Hypothermia- bluish pale skin
  • If untreated
  • Choke on vomit
  • Stop breathing
  • Heat beat stops
  • Too little blood sugar leads to seizures

41
Its never to late to quit
  • Whenever you get addicted to something, it can be
    really hard to stop it so some people say its
    too late
  • It is NEVER to late to stop smoking, doing drugs,
    alcohol
  • Dont be afraid to reach out to your parents and
    teachers. Tell them whats going on and ask
    questions. Weve all been teenagers and it can
    get kind of confusing.
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