Se

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Seµ?????? F?s???? 2011 G?af????

• ???µatep???µ? ?ad?s?? ???????
• ?p.?a????t?? ?.?.??ss??

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????e? ?a???s?as??

• ??sa?????? st???e?a G?af?????
• ?as???? t?? ?d??t?te?
• ????d?? ?a?as?e???
• ?fa?µ????

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?as??? ?st????? St???e?a

• ? p??t? ep?s?µ? pa?at???s? t?? s???de? µe t??
  ???sta?????af?a a?t????-?
• ????? t? 1990, e??a? ?ataf??e? ?a d?µ??????s???
  d?afa?? de??µata, µ?s? t??ß?? t?? ??af?t?.
• ? p??t? ep?t???µ??? ap?µ???s? ????e µe t? ???s?
  ?????t???? ta???a? t? 2004 ap? t??? Geim ?a?
  Novoselov.

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????a?a?

• ??e? at?µ??? a???µ? 6
• ???a? 4-s?e??? ?t?µ?
• S??a?t?ta? se d??f??e? µ??f??, µe p?????a
  ?a?a?t???st???.

• ??aµ??t?
• S?????
• ????t??
• ??afa???
• ?a??? a????? ?e?µ?t?ta?

• G?af?t??
• ?a?a???
• ??????
• ?d?afa???
• Te?µ?µ???t??? ?????.

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sp2 ?ß??d??? ?????a??
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G?af????

• ?p?te?e? µ?a µ??f? d?as??des?? at?µ?? ????a?a.

• ?a ?t?µa, µe t? ???s? desµ?? sp2 s??µat????? ??a
  ep?ped? e?a?????? p???µa (HoneyComb)

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• ??d?af???? ?a?a?t???st??? t?? ??afe???? e??a? t?
  p?? µp??e? ?a ?e????e? d?µ??? ????? ??a
  p???p???e? µ??f?? ????a?a ?p?? F???e????a,
  ?a??s????e? ? ?a? t? G?af?t?.

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(No Transcript)
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?as???? ?d??t?te? t?? G?afe????

• ???a?????
• Te?µ????
• ??e?t???????
• ??µ?
• ????t???t?ta
• Sp??

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???a????? ?d??t?te?

• Sa? ????? ? p????t?t? t?? ?epe???e? t? 1g/cm3.
• ?et??se?? µe AFM ?d?sa? sta?e?a e?at????? st?
  ped?? 1-5 ?/m.
• ?? ??t?? ??ast???t?ta? t?? Young ?p??????eta? st?
  0,5TPa.
• S?µe?? ??a?s?? sta 130GPa, µe t? d?aµ??t? ?a
  ß??s?eta? sta 2,8GPa, ?a? ta CNT, sta 11-63GPa.

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Te?µ???? ?d??t?te?

• ? ?e?µ??? t?? a????µ?t?ta ??µa??eta? µeta?? t??
  (4,840,44) 103 µ???? (5,300,48)
  103 Wm-1K-1, ? ?p??a e??a? d?p??s?a ap? t??
  d?aµa?t???, ?a? µ?a t??? µe?????? µe?a??te?? ap?
  t? ?a???.
• ???a? µe?a??te?? ap? ??a t?? d?µ?? ????a?a
• ?as??eta? ?? ep? t? p?e?st?? st? f??????? d???e?s?

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??e?t??????? ?d??t?te?

• G?a t? ?a??te?? ?ata???s? t?? ??e?t???????
  ?d??t?t??, a??e? ?a ?????µe µ?a µat?? st? d?µ?
  t?? ????? t?? G?af?????.

• ?? s?µa?t??? s????? e??a? ta s?µe?a ?, ?.

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• ? pa?ap??? µ??f? t?? e?e??e?a??? ????? µa? ?d??e?
  st? s?µp??asµa ?t? t? ??af???? e??a? ?µ?a?????
  µ?de????? ??sµat??.

• ??a????? t? µ??f? p?? st?? ?p??a t? µe?et?µe,
  eµfa???e? e?te µeta?????? ?d??t?te?.

? µp??e? ?a ??µa??eta? µeta?? µeta?????? ?a?
?µ?a????µ?? s?µpe??f????.
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???sfata pe???µata ?de??a? ?t? µe efa?µ???
µa???t???? ped??? se d?p?? ??af???? µp????? ?a
?d???s??? se ???µ???µe?? e?e??e?a?? ??sµa ?????.
?ts?, e??a? d??at? ? ?atas?e?? d??d??, µe
?e?µ???as?a ?e?t?????a?, t? ?e?µ???as?a d?µat???
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Spin

• ? ßas??? ?d??t?ta p?? eµfa???e? t? ??af???? e??a?
  ? µ???? a????ep?d?as? t?? spin µe t? t????a??
  st??f??µ?.
• ?p?s?? ? ????a?a? ??e? ?aµ??? µa???t??? ??p?.
• ??a ta pa?ap??? s??te????e se s??e?t??? spin µe
  µe???? µ???? ??µat??.

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???p?? ?a?as?e??? G?af?????

• ?? ?????te??? µ???d?? pa?a????? ??afe????
  s????????ta? st???
• ??µ??? a?a???? t?? ??e?d??? t?? ??af?t?
• ???a???? ap?f????s?
• ???sta????? a??pt??? se ?a?ß?d?? t?? ????t???
• ???sta????? a??pt??? se µeta????? ?p?st??µa
• ??µ? ?a??s??????

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??µ??? a?a???? t?? ??e?d??? t?? ??af?t?.

1. ?p?te?e? t?? pa?a??te?? µ???d? pa?a?????
   ??af?????
2. ?????? p???a???µe ??e?d?s? se ??af?t? µe t? ???s?
   ?e????? ?????, ? d????µa ????? ?a????.
3. ?a ep?peda ??af????? p?? apa?t????? t? ??af?t?
   a??????? t?? µeta?? t??? ap?st?se?? ?at? ??a
   pa?????ta 2 µe 3.
4. ????? e??a? d??at? ? e?sa???? p?????? ????? ta
   ?p??a a??????? t?? ap?st?se?? t?? ep?p?d?? se
   ßa?µ? d????s??.
5. ?e???? st?d?? e??a? ? ???s? ???dat?µ????
   ?d?a????? (H2NNH2.H2O, Hydrazine hydrate), ?
   ?p??a ?d??e? st?? ??f?de? ??af?????.

St?d?? d?ad??as?a? ?p?st?se?? ep?p?d?? (Å)
???d?? ??e?d?? t?? G?af?t? 6,35
?.G. se a??a µe 50 s?et??? ???as?a 7,7
?.G. se a??a µe 100 s?et??? ???as?a 11,6
?.G. se ?e?? 11,6
?.G. se 2 ? NaOH 11,2
?.G. se 0.05 ? NaOH 12,4
?.G. se 0.01 ? NaOH 8
G?af?t?? 3,354
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???a???? ?p?f????s?

• ???a? ???st? ?a? ?? Scotch Tape Exfoliation
• ???t?efa?µ?st??e t? 2004
• ?as??eta? st? stad?a?? d???t?µ?s? de??µat?? HOPG
  (Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite).
• St? s????e?a ß????eta? ? ta???a se a?et???, µe
  s??p? ?a d?a???e? ? ta???a.
• St? t???? e?ap???t??µe ta ??µµ?t?a t?? ??af?????
  p??? se p???t??.
• ????? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ? Ste??? ??ap??es? (Dry
  Deposition), ?ts? ?ste ?a p??spe???ta? t? st?d??
  ß???s?? t?? ?????? se d????µa.

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???sta????? a??pt??? se ?a?ß?d?? t?? ????t???

• Se a?t? t? µ???d?, ??e?a??µaste ??a ?p?st??µa ap?
  ?a?ß?d?? t?? ????t??? (SiC).
• T?to?t?? t? se ?e?µ???as?a µe?a??te?? t?? 1000?C
  t? ????? µ?s? t?? d?ad??as?a? ???st? ??
  ??af?t?p???s? (graphitization, a???eta? se
  ??af????.
• ?p?te?e? ?d?a?te?a p??sf??? d?ad??as?a, ?a???
  afe??? t? p???ep?ped? ??af???? p?? s??µat??eta?
  ??e? ?d??t?te? t?? µ???ep?ped??. ?fet????, e??a?
  µ?a d?ad??as?a ? ?p??a ep?t?????eta? µe s????e??
  µe??d??? µ??????e?t???????.
• ?? 2008 ep?te?????e ? ?atas?e?? chip µe µe?????
  100de? transistor

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???sta????? a??pt??? se µeta????? ?p?st??µa

• Se a?t? t? µ???d? e?µeta??e??µaste t? ???sta?????
  d?µ? µet????? ?p?? ????????, ???d?? ?a?
  ?e??????s??.
• ?? e??st?te ?p?st??µa ?p??e?ta? se ?e?a?s? t??
  t???? t?? nm.
• ?a?a???eta? µe ???s? ?p??????
• St? s????e?a t?p??ete?ta? se ???aµ? ?????? ?e???,
  st?? ?p??? ?a a?t???ß????e? µe ????.
• ? d?ad??as?a ?????????eta? µe t? ?e?µ???
  ap?s???es? a?????????.
• ?as??? µe???e?t?µata e??a? ? e???t?s? ap? t?
  ?p?st??µa ?a??? ?a? ? a????? ??a µetaf??? t??
  ??af????? ?a?a?t??.

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??µ? ?a??s??????

• ?p?t?????eta? e?te µe t? ???s? ?e?????
  ?????(?2SO4 ) e?te µe t? ???s? t??
  ?pe?µa??a????? ?a????a(KMnO4)
• ??a??a?t??? e??a? d??at? µ?s? e????a??? p??sµat??
  se ?a??s????e? ????a?a p?? e??a? e?s?µat?µ???? se
  p???µe???.

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?fa?µ???? G?afe????

• ???s??s? ????µe???.
• ??s??t??e?.
• ?????ts?p
• Transistor.
• Spintronics.
• ????e? ?f??.
• Heatpipes
• Hydrogen Storage.
• Solar Panels.
• P-doped Graphane SuperConductor.

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???s??s? ????µe???

• ?at? t?? ????s? ??af????? se p???µe?? ????µe ta
  ?d?a p?e??e?t?µata µe t??? ?a??s????e? ????a?a.
• ?????eta? ? a?t??? t?? ??????, ? a????µ?t?ta ?a?
  ? a?t??? se ?????? ?e?µ???as?e?.
• ?e? ?p?????? ta µe???e?t?µata t?? ?a??s??????.

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??s??t??e?

• ????? e?a?s??s?a ? ?p??a ßas??eta? st? f?s? t??
  G?af?????.
• ??e? ep?te???e? ? ap???t? e?a?s??s?a, µe t??
  e?t?p?sµ? e??? µ??? at?µ??.
• ?p???e? ??e??a p?? s??d???e? DNA µe ??af????.

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Transistors

• ???? t?? µ?de????? e?e??e?a??? ??sµat??, ??
  p??te? efa?µ???? af????? a?a?????? e??s??s?.
• S?????t??? µe ta a?t?st???a transistor p???t???,
  ta ?s?d??aµa ap? ??af????, ????? tet?ap??s?a
  ta??t?ta.
• S?µf??a µe p??sfat? a?a?????s? (8/4/2011) ? ???
  ?atas?e?ase transistor ??afe???? µe s????t?ta
  155Ghz ?a? µ??e??? 40nm, µe t? ???? t?? p???t???
  ?a e??a? sta 40Ghz ?a? µ??e??? 240nm.

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Spintronics

• ?p?te?e? ??? ???d? ??e?t???????, ?a? ßas??eta?
  ??? st? f??t?? t?? f?????, a??? st? d?e????s? t??
  spin t???.
• ?? p??te? efa?µ???? e??a? ?? MRAM -
  Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory.
• To ??af????, ded?µ???? t?? ?d??t?t?? p??
  p??a?af??aµe e??a? ??a p???? ?p?s??µe?? ?????.

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????e? ?f??

• ?? ??af???? e??a? ?at? ß?s? ?pt??? d?ape?at?.
• ? a???µ??? µ??a???? t?? a?t??? d??e? t? pe???????
  ??a t? ?atas?e?? e?????t?? ?????? af??.
• ? µe?a??te?? ?atas?e?? e??a? se ????? 63e?. ap?
  t? Samsung ?a? t? pa?ep?st?µ?? Sungkyunkwan.
• Se s??d?asµ? µe t?? OLED te???????a, µp????µe ?a
  ????µe e??aµpte? ????e? af??.

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Heatpipes

• ? a???µ??? ?e?µ??? apa???? t?? ??afe???? e??a?
  ap? t?? ßas???? t?? ?d??t?te?.
• ?e t? ???s? t??, ep?t?????eta? ? apa????
  ?e?µ?t?ta? ap? ?a???????µata.

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St???µ??? G?af????

• ? efa?µ?sµ??? te????? p?? pe???aµß??e? ????a?a
  e??a? ?? CNTs.
• ?e? ?a??pte? t?? a????? ?µ?? ??a µetaf???, ?a???
  de? µp????? ?a µetaf????? epa??? p?s?t?ta. ??
  ?p?????se? te???????e? de? µp????? ?a ?e???????
  f???t??
• ? a?a??t?s? ??a µetaf??? ?d???????, e??e ??
  ap?t??esµa t? µ??te??p???s? t?? pillared
  graphene
• Sa? ?d?a ?e????se ap? t? ?µ?µa ??µe?a? st?
  ?a?ep?st?µ?? t?? ???t??.
• ???a? µ?a d?µ? p?? e??s??µ??? µe ????? T?O??????
  µp??e? ?a µetaf??e? 41gr/l ?2, µe ta d?e???
  st??ta? ?a e??a? sta 45gr/l.

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Solar Panels

• St? t?µ?a ap?d?s?? ?ste????e se s??s? µe ta
  pa?ad?s?a?? f?t?ß??ta???, µe ta pa?ad?s?a?? ?a
  ????? 10p??s?a ap?d?s?.
• Sta ßas??? p?e??e?t?µata ????µe
• Ft??? ????? se s??s? µe t? ??? p??
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta?
• ???aµpt? ?a? e?af??te??
• ?pt??? d?ape?at?.?p????fa t? pa  2.3 t?? ?e????
  f?t??.

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P-doped Graphane

• Graphane e??a? ??s?ast??? ??af???? t? ?p??? f??e?
  ?t?µa ?d??????? µe desµ??? sp3.
• ?e??t? ???t?? ?????, ?d??e? st? s?µp??asµa ?t? ?
  ????s? p-f????? se graphane µp??e? ?a ?d???se? se
  ?pe?a????µ? ????? µe ?e?µ???as?a ?e?t?????a?
  st??? 90?.

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Sa? e??a??st?!
33
??ß?????af?a

• David J Appelhans, Lincoln D. Carr and Mark T.
  Lusk - Embedded ribbons of graphene allotropes?n
  extended defect perspective.
• D. W. Boukhvalov and M I Katsnelson - A new route
  towards uniformly functionalized single-layer
  graphene.
• J.-C. Charlier, .. C. Eklund J. Zhu, A. C.
  Ferrari - Electron and Phonon Properties of
  Graphene.Their Relationship with Carbon
  Nanotubes.
• Deepak K. Pandey, Gyan Prakash, and Suprem R. Das
  - Graphene Based Sensor Development.
• Megumi OHISHI, Masashi SHIRAISHI, Ryo NOUCHI,
  Takayuki NOZAKI, Teruya SHINJO, and Yoshishige
  SUZUKI - Spin Injection into a Graphene Thin Film
  at Room Temperature.
• Y. H. Wu,a T. Yu, and Z. X. Shen -
  Two-dimensional carbon nanostructures
  Fundamental properties,synthesis,
  characterization, and potential applications.
• R K Goyal1, S D Samant, A K Thakar and A Kadam -
  Electrical properties of polymer/expanded
  graphite nanocomposites with low percolation.
• S H M Jafri, K Carva, E Widenkvist, T Blom, B
  Sanyal, J Fransson,O Eriksson, U Jansson4, H
  Grennberg - Conductivity engineering of graphene
  by defect formation
• Pei-Lan Hsu - Choosing a Gate Dielectric for
  Graphene Based Transistors
• Hyunwoo Kim, Ahmed A. Abdala and Christopher W.
  Macosko - Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites

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??ß?????af?a

• Regis Y N Gengler, Konstantinos Spyrou and Petra
  Rudolf - A roadmap to high quality chemically
  prepared graphene.
• Min Gao, Yi Pan,1 Chendong Zhang, Hao Hu, Rong
  Yang, Hongliang Lu,Jinming Cai, Shixuan Du, Feng
  Liu and H.-J. Gao - Tunable interfacial
  properties of epitaxial graphene on metal
  substrate.
• Meihua Jin, Hae-Kyung Jeong, Tae-Hyung Kim1, Kang
  Pyo So,
• Yan Cui1, Woo Jong Yu, Eun Ju Ra and Young Hee
  Lee - Synthesis and systematic characterization
  of functionalized graphene sheets generated by
  thermal exfoliation at low temperature.
• www.youtube.com
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene